Solid-state laser materials

F. Hide, M.A. Dtaz-Gatcia, B.J. Schwarts, M.R. Andersson, P Qibing, A.J. Hecger, Semiconducting polymers a new class of solid-state laser materials. Science 1996, 273, 1833. 

The choice of sensor material determines range, sensitivity, and stability. By considering the latter factors, it is found that inorganic insulating compounds, such as most lamp phosphors and many solid state laser materials, are the most suitable materials for thermometric applications. Indeed, these materials are most commonly used in the existing commercial fluorescence thermometer schemes. 

The yttrium aluminum garnet crystal, Y3 AI5O12, doped withNd + ions, is a well-known solid state laser material (abbreviated to Nd YAG). If the fluorescence lifetime of the main laser emission is 230 /rs and the quantum efficiency of the corresponding emitting level is 0.9, determine (a) the radiative lifetime and... 

Powell, R. C., Physics of Solid-State Laser Materials, AIP Press/Springer, New York (1997). Riseberg, L. A., and Weber, M. J., in Progress in Optics 14, ed. E. Wolf, North-Holland, Amsterdam (1975). 

The non-relativistic version of DVME method was developed in 1998 and was applied to the analysis of multiplet spectra of ruby [6-8]. This method was later applied to the analysis of a variety of TM-doped solid-state-laser materials [9-11]. The relativistic version of DVME method was developed in 2000. However, at that time, it was still difficult to calculate multiplet spectra of RE ions due to the limited performance of available computers. On the other hand, the relativistic... 

R.C. Powell, Physics of Solid-State Laser Materials (Springer, New York, 1997)... 

FIGURE 2.11. Molecular structures of organic solid-state laser materials. 

Emerald (Cr3+ Be3Al2(Si03)6, chromium-doped beryllium aluminium silicate or beryl) is a well known gem, and its beautiful green color has been attracted people for a long time. Nowadays, emerald crystal is also known as a tunable solid-state laser material, and its optical properties have been smdied (1-10). 

In solid-state laser materials, such as ruby (chromium doped alumina, AljOjiCr " ) (1) and emerald (chromium doped beryl, Be,Al,(Si03)5 Cr ) (2), transitions between multiplets of impurity states are utilized. These states mainly consist of 3d orbitals of the impurity chromium ions. For the analysis of these multiplet structures, the semi-empirical ligand-field theory (LFT) has been frequently used (3). However, this theory can be applied only to the high symmetry systems such as O, (or T ). Therefore, the effect of low symmetry is always ignored in the analysis based on the LFT, although most of the practical solid-state laser materials actually possess more or less distorted local structures. For example, in ruby and emerald, the impurity chromium ions are substituted for the aluminum ions in the host crystals and the site symmetry of the aluminum ions are C, in alumina and D, in beryl. Therefore, it is important to clarify the effect of low symmetry on the multiplet structure, in order to understand the electronic structure of ruby and emerald. 

Moncorge R, Manaa H, Bonlon G (1994) Cr" and Mn active centers for new solid state laser materials. Opt Mater 4 139-151... 

J.Lu, K. Takaichi, T. Uematsu, A. Shirakawa, M. Musha, K. Ueda, et al, Yb Y20j ceramics - a novel solid-state laser material, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics Part 2-Letters, 41 (12A), L1373-L5 (2002). 

Handbook of solid-state lasers Materials, systems and applications... 

Although technological considerations have had a great deal of influence on the direction of research in lanthanide-ion spectroscopy, they have not motivated us in our determination of what host materials to cover. Nevertheless most of our host materials have had considerable technological impact in the past and will continue to do so in the future, particularly as solid-state laser materials. We will keep our discussions of technological applications of individual host materials to a minimum, and interested readers can consult the literature. 

Powell RC (1988) Physics of solid state laser materials. Springta, New York... 

Henderson B, Bartram RH (2000) Crystal field enginetaing of solid-state laser materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge... 

Takaichi K, Yagi H, Lu J, Shirakawa A, Ueda K, Yanagitani T et al (2003) Yb -doped Y3AI5O12 ceramics—a new solid-state laser material. Phys Status Solid A Appl Res 200 R5-R7... 

Lu JR, Takaichi K, Uematsu T, Shirakawa A, Musha M, Ueda K et al (2002) Yb Y203 ceramics—a novel solid-state laser material. Jpn J Appl Phys Part 2 Lett 41 L1373-L1375... 

F. Hide, M. A. Diaz-Garcia, B. J. Schwartz, M. R. Andersson, Q. Pei, A. J. Heeger, Semiconducting Polymers A New Class of Solid-State Laser Materials. Science 1996,273, 1833-1836. 

Hide, R, et aL 1996. Semiconducting polymers A new class of solid-state laser materials. Science 273 1833. 

Three decades ago, Greskovich and Chernoch created a new field of application of yttria by producing a laser yttria host-based ceramic material [312]. Yttria is not only used as a solid-state laser material as a laser host crystal for trivalent lanthanide activators, such as Yb + and Nd, but also shows significant potential for luminous pipes in high-intensity discharge lamps and heat-resistive windows. 

Emission linewidths on laser transitions in solid-state laser materials is determined both by the combined widths of groups of closely spaced energy levels associated with the transitions and by collisional broadening that merges... 

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