Solid-phase organic synthesis overview

Safety-Catch and Traceless Linkers in Solid Phase Organic Synthesis Table 16.1 Overview of safety-catch linker types. 

SCHEME 3.1. An overview of solid-phase organic synthesis (SPOS). 

The increase in the rate of reactions catalysed by quaternary ammonium salts is often proportional to the concentration of the catalyst used. When I started to collect data for their use in organic synthesis, it rapidly became obvious that it was difficult to make a clear distinction between purely catalytic reactions and those using stoichiometric amounts of the ammonium salt this was because the practical techniques often varied (e.g., liquidiliquid two-phase reactions vs liquid solid two-phase reactions). Consequently, I have presented a general practical overview of the use quaternary ammonium salts, categorised according to specific bond formations or reaction types. I have tried to be as comprehensive as possible, but in order to keep the text concise, some abstruse experimental variations have been omitted, as has a complete citation of the patent literature. 

The requirement for diverse compound libraries by means of solid-phase synthesis led to the development of hnkers for most functional groups found in organic synthesis. The number of hnkers developed for a specific group also reflects the distribution of pharmacophoric groups present in natural products and other bioactive compounds. Tab. 3.16 gives an overview of examples of hnkers for different functional groups. 

As of today, apart from straightforward one-step derivatizations, the vast majority of analoging procedures by combinatorial synthesis are carried out on solid support. This overview focuses on organic chemistry adapted to the operation mode of solid-phase synthesis. The translation of protocols from solution chemistry to validated solid-phase procedures is a nontrivial task, often... 

In this chapter, we present an overview of our experience in the organometallic synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles of controlled size and surface state. We also give insights on the study of their surface chemistry by using simple techniques, mainly IR and NMR both in solution and in solid state, hi addition, model hydrogenation reactions have been used. We also discuss the performances of these materials as catalysts in solution (organic and aqueous phases) and on a support (alumina, silica, or carbon materials). 

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