Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography

In LC-LC and SPE-LC, the presenee of water is eommonly no problem at all. Aetually, the reverse is true beeause eluents in RPLC are typieally water-methanol or water-aeetonitrile mixtures, and a high water eontent is mandatory during traee enriehment in order to ensure strong retention. However, when sueh an SPE pre-eolumn or analytieal eolumn is eoupled to a GC system, the introduetion of water should be avoided eompletely or, at best, be permitted under strietly eontrolled eondi-tions (see above). It will be elear that on-line traee enriehment (and elean-up) by SPE 

Examples of SPE-GC of biological samples are few, while the usefulness of SPE-GC for the analysis of surface and drinking water has been demonstrated many times (133). This might be due to the fact that biological samples are often considerably more complex than environmental water samples. In addition, various biomedically and pharmaceutically interesting analytes will not be amenable to GC. Nevertheless, because many of the initial SPE-GC interfacing problems have now been solved (133), it seems appropriate and worthwhile to explore its utility in the bioanalytical field more thoroughly. 

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Figure 2.12 Schematic representation of an on-line SPE-GC system consisting of three switching valves (VI-V3), two pumps (a solvent-delivery unit (SDU) pump and a syringe pump) and a GC system equipped with a solvent-vapour exit (SVE), an MS instrument detector, a retention gap, a retaining precolumn and an analytical column. Reprinted from Journal of Chromatography, AIIS, A. J. H. Eouter et al, Analysis of microcontaminants in aqueous samples hy fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass selective detection , pp. 67-83, copyright 1996, with permission from Elsevier Science.

Technique solvent extraction solid phase extraction gas chromatography... 

T. Hankemeier, A. J. H. Louter, J. Dalliige, J. J. Vreuls and U. A. Th Brinkman, Use of a drying cartridge in on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry , J. High Resolut. Chromatogr. 21 450-456 (1998). 

Louter A.J.H., C.A. van Beekvelt, P. Cid Montanes, et al. 2005. Analysis of microcontaminants in aqueous samples by fully automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass selective detection. J. Chromatogr. A 725 67-83. 

Munoz, J., Gallego, M., and Valcarcel, M. (2004). Solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using a fuUerene sorbent for the determination of inorganic mercury(11), methylmercury(I) and ethylmercury(I) in surface waters at sub-ng/ml levels. J. Chromatogr. A, 1055, 185-90. 

Kleinschnitz M, Schreier P (1998) Identification and Semi-quantitative Determination of a Migration Contaminant from Beverage Carton Packages into Mineral Water by On-line Solid Phase Extraction Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (SPE-GC-MS). Chromatographia 48, 581-583. 

Brossa, L., Marce, R. M., Borrull, F., and Pocurull, E., Application of online solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to the determination of endocrine disrupters in water samples, J. Chromatogr. A., 963, 287-294, 2002. 

Vassilakis, I., Tsipi, D., and Scoullos, M., Determination of a variety of chemical classes of pesticides in surface and ground waters by off-line solid phase extraction, gas chromatography with electron-capture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection, and high-performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection, J. Chromatogr. A, 823, 49-58, 1998. 

Figure 3.9. Schematic diagram of an automated on-line solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography system. Large volume on-column injection with an early solvent vapor exit and retaining precolumn is used for sample transfer. (From ref. [117] Elsevier).

See also Extraction Solid-Phase Extraction. Gas Chromatography Overview. Liquid Chromatography Overview. Quality Assurance Spectroscopic Standards. 

Hankemeier, Th. Hooijschuur, E. Vteuls, R.J.J. Brinkman, U.A.Th. Visser, T. On-line solid phase extraction-gas chromatography-cryotrapping-infrared spectrometry for the... 

Brunet B, Bames AJ, Scheidweiler KB, Mura P, Huestis MA (2008) Development and validation of a solid-phase extraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of methadone, heroin, cocaine and metabolites in sweat. Anal Bioanal Chem 392 115-127... 

T. Hankemeier, S.P.J. van Leeuwen, J.J. Vreuls, U.A.T. Brinkman, Use of a presolvent to include volatile organic analytes in the application range of online solid-phase extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, J. Chromatogr. A 811 (1998) 117—133. 

A.J.H. Louter, U.A.T. Brinkman, R.T. Ghijsen, Fully automated water analyzer based on online solid phase extraction-gas chromatography, J. Microcolumn Sep. 5 (1993) 303—315. 

Optimization of Solid-Phase Extraction-Gas Chromatography Procedure... 

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