Solid internal mechanism

Description An agitated dryer is defined as one on which the housing enclosing the process is stationaiy while solids movement is accomplished by an internal mechanical agitator. Many forms are in use, including batch and continuous versions. 

Ciano C., Cali M., Melhus O., Verda V. (2006) A model for the configuration of a tubular solid oxide fuel cell stack. In Proceedings of 2006 ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2006, ASME, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, Paper IMECE2006-16141 l-9. 

Munson E, Schoenich C. Oxidation reactions in the solid state mechanisms and comparison to solution chemistry. Oxidative Degradation and Stabilization Conference. Institute for International Research, Princeton, NJ, July 20-21, 2004. 

No systematic studies of the use of silicone surfactants as emulsifiers have yet been published. Silicone polyoxyalkylene copolymers with relatively high molecular weight and a high proportion of silicone are effective water-in-silicone oil emulsifiers and a recent study of these copolymers suggests that they stabilize emulsions by a solid-particle mechanism [68]. This type of silicone surfactant has been used to prepare transparent water-in-oil emulsions (often with an active ingredient in the internal phase) for use as deodorants or antiperspirants as well as cosmetics and other personal care products. Their use as drug delivery vehicles has also been claimed. These copolymers can also be used to prepare multiple emulsions not requiring a two-pot process. 

A study of how a solid dries may be based on the internal mechanism of liquid flow or on the effect of the external conditions of temperature, humidity, air flow, state of subdivision, etc., on the drying rate of the solids. The former procedure generally requires a fundamental study of the internal condition. The latter procedure, although less fundamental, is more generally used because the results have greater immediate application in equipment design and evaluation. 

Fang, X., and D. Yao. 2013. An overview of solid-like electrolytes for supercapacitors. Proceedings oftheASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, San Diego, California. 

Guo, Z., Peng, X. and Moran, B. (2006). Mechanical response of neo-hookean fiber reinforced incompressible nonlinearly elastic solids, International Journal of Solids and Structures 44, pp. 1949-1969. 

Merodio, J. and Ogden, R. W. (2005). Mechanical response of fiber-reinforced incompressible non-linearly elastic solids. International Journal of Norv-Linear Mechanics 40, pp. 213-227. 

We have seen that there are many possible and plausible sources of potential fluctuations in amorphous solids which may be responsible for the broadening of the edges. It is rather surprising that with such a large variety of possible sources Parts B of many amorphous semiconductors are closely similar. This observation suggests that there may be some internal mechanism which adjust the average value of internal fields into relatively narrow limits. 

Cyclic voltammograms for oxidation of solid Fc mechanically adhered to a 25 pm diameter ft microdisk electrode in [C4mim][PF6] are shown in Fig. 14.3a. The potential of the Fc° process was converted to the cobaltocenium [Co(Cp)2] ° reference scale using dissolved [Co(Cp)2] as an internal reference standard. The voltammogram obtained under these conditions exhibits the classical behavior associated with a diffusion-controlled solution-based process, provided the mass... 

Recknagle, K.P., Ryan, E.M., and Khaleel, M.A. (2011) Numerical modeling of the distributed electrochemistry and performance of solid oxide fuel cells, presented at the ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition, Denver, CO, 11-17 November 2011. 

R. O. Ritchie Mechanisms of fatigue-crack propagation in ductile and brittle solids. International Journal of Fracture, 100 55—83, 1999. 

The detector is designed to serve as an on-the-spot sensor for identification of unknown solid or liquid substances for the existence of CWAs, dmgs, bioagents, and TICs, all within a few minutes. The HazMat ID is the waterproof version of the Travel/f that can identify simple mixtures through automated subtraction software. The unit can operate in hostile environments and can be immersed in decontamination solution without harm to the internal mechanism. 

The concept of stabilizing emulsions by solid particles (mechanical stabilization) was described (Oza and Frank, 1986) tor colloidal microcrystalline cellulose (CMCC) that is adsorbed in a solid form onto oil droplets at the interface of a W/O emulsion with improved stability. Khopade and Jain repeated use of a similar process and managed to stabilize W/OAV emulsions by using MCC (microcrystalline colloidal cellulose) particles at both interfaces (Khopade and Jain, 1998). The droplets were small, and the yield of the multiple emulsion was fairly good. The increasing concentration of MCC in either internal or external phase increased droplet sizes. These systems showed promise in tuberculosis therapy. 

The mechanical properties of materials involve various concepts such as hardness, stiffness, and piezoelectric constants, Young s and bulk modulus, and yield strength. The solids are deformed under the effect of external forces and the deformation is described by the physical quantity strain. The internal mechanical force system that resists the deformation and tends to return the solid to its undeformed initial state is described by the physical quantity stress. Within the elastic limit, where a complete recoverability from strain is achieved with removal of stress, stress g is proportional to strain e. The generalized Hooke s law gives each of the stress tensor components as linear functions of the strain tensor components as... 

The structure of the solid determines the mechanism for which internal liquid flow may occur. These mechanisms can include (1) diffusion in continuous, homogeneous solids, (2) capillary flow in granular and porous sohds, (3) flow caused by shrinkage and pressure gradients, (4) flow caused by gravity, and (5) flow caused by a vaporization-condensation sequence. 

The study of internal moisture gradients estabhshes the particiilar mechanism which controls during the drying of a solid. The experimental determination of rehable moisture gradients is extremely difficult. 

Estimating Minimum Sample Quantity for Moisture Measurement Estimates of material quantity for testing moisture content depend on mechanisms of moisture distribution in the material. Moisture is physically retained on particle surfaces, chemically adsorbed on surfaces and within pores of particulate solids, and contained as an internal constituent of solids. Significant internal moisture is most often encountered in organic and agricultural source materials. 

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