Solid and Liquid Explosives

Exp-6 potential models can be validated through several independent means. Fried and Howard33 have considered the shock Hugoniots of liquids and solids in the decomposition regime where thermochemical equilibrium is established. As an example of a typical thermochemical implementation, consider the Cheetah thermochemical code.32 Cheetah is used to predict detonation performance for solid and liquid explosives. Cheetah solves thermodynamic equations between product species to find chemical equilibrium for a given pressure and temperature. From these properties and elementary detonation theory, the detonation velocity and other performance indicators are computed. 

Birth (Initiation) and Growth of Explosion in Solid and Liquid Explosives Initiated by Impact, Friction, etc. See Vol 2, p B127-L and under Detonation (and Explosion), Initiation (Birth), Growth, Spread and Propagation in Explosive Substances... 

M.A. Cook et al, PrRoySoc 246A, 281-83 (July 1958) (Deflagration to detonation transition in solid and liquid explosives)... 

In considering the thermochemistry of solid and liquid explosives, it is usually adequate, for practical purposes, to treat the state functions AH and A U as approximately the same. Consequently, heats, or enthalpy terms, tend to be used for both constant pressure and constant volume conditions. 

The wide array of independent features available for characterizing both solid and liquid explosives, as described in the Sections 2.3.1.-2.3.5., is largely responsible for the high detection rate and low FAR of explosives detection by XDI. 

Background information concerning detonations in solid and liquid explosives is available in a number of books [11], [209]-[215]. Additional information may be found not only in the proceedings of the combustion symposia and of the international colloquia on gasdynamics of explosions and reactive systems but also in the proceedings of the international symposia on detonation, published by the U.S. Office of Naval Research. These last symposia have been held periodically, approximately once every 5 years. 

Class 1 includes solid and liquid explosives as well as articles which contains explosives, e. g., shells or bombs. The definition of explosives following the dangerous goods classification is different from the definition for explosive following Directive 67/548/EEC. The heading of Class 1 covers ... 

Presently, numerous different measuring systems for the determination of detonation temperature exist. They differ mainly with respect to the optical system used. Here a method developed by He Xianchu and co-workers (1985) will be described. The method enables the determination of the detonation temperature of solid and liquid explosives. 

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