Solar receiver systems

The solar receiver systems concentrate the solar radiation for large-scale energy production including distribution. CSP systems use lenses or mirrors and tracking systems to focus a large area of sunlight into a small beam. The concentrated heat is then used as a heat source for a conventional power plant. One technology, and the most advanced, uses rows of parabolic... 

Three main types of concentrating collectors have evolved for use in solar thermal systems low concentration paraboHc troughs, high concentration parabohc dishes, and central receivers (Fig. 3). Higher concentration produces higher temperatures in a working fluid and makes electrical generation more efficient. 

Over a number of years, the photovoltaic cell developers received large financial incentives from the U.S. government, For example, the National Photovoltaics Act of 1978 was passed by the IT.S. Congress, which authorized an expenditure of 1.5 billion for research, development, and demonstration of solar cell systems for converting sunlight into electric power, Also, in connection with the Federal Non-Nuclear Energy Research and Development Act of 1974, which established the concept of net... 

Becker, M. Solar Thermal Central Receiver Systems, Springer-Verlag, Inc., New York, NY, 1987. 

Armenia has sufficient solar resources for development of solar energy. Particularly in Yerevan one square meter of land receives about 1,700 kWh of sun power annually, which is 70% more that in Europe, where weighable shifts for solar energy applications are going on. Installation of solar energy systems in American University of Armenia in is a successful case of solar energy application in former Soviet Union. 

The largest cost for the hybrid solar concentrator system will be for the dish con centrator and PV receiver, shown in Fig. 6. Algora recently completed an extensive cost analysis based on previously collected data for CPV systems.7 Many of the... 

We have made cost analysis for the solar methanol production for the system of Fig. 1. In this analysis, SCOT-solar farm (Solar Concentration Off-Tower central receiver beam-down configuration) is used for solar concentrating system(Fig.2). This solar concentrating system has an economical advantage, since the heavy chemical plant can be installed on the ground. Since the high temperature of 1000-1200°C is obtained by the SCOT-solar farm, chemical plant (or reactor) for solar-assisted coal gasification can be operated. Table 1 shows estimated investment cost... 

PS10 project is the re-launched. A heliostat of 120m2 is developed to fit with new solar tariff. Updated offers are requested to suppliers, turbine, mirrors,. Also updated offer is requested to BBP for the receiver system. BBP is in bankrupcy and has been judicially intervened. It is not possible for BBP to attend this demand... 

Receiver - The component of a central receiver solar thermal system where reflected solar energy is absorbed and converted to thermal energy. 

The CSP plant consists of a solar collector field, a receiver, a heat transfer fluid loop and a heat storage system. The mirrors of the solar field concentrate the direct solar radiation on the solar receiver set at the focal line. The heat transfer fluid (e.g., molten salts) removes the high temperature solar heat from the receiver that is afterwards collected into an insulated heat storage tank to be pumped, on demand, to the heat users (steam generators, endothermic reactors, etc.), where its sensible heat is released. Finally, the heat carrier fluid is stored in a lower temperature tank ready to restart the solar heat collection loop. The idea to match the CSP plant with natural gas steam-reforming Pd-based MR derives from the thermal level reached by molten salt stream (550°C), which meets the thermal requirements of MR (preferred operating at around 500°C). 

Concentrated solar thermal power plants with heliostats, solar receiver (heat exchanger) on a tower, and molten salt heat storage system (for details, see Fig. 1.10). Molten salt maximum temperature is 565°C. Rankine steam turbine power cycle used. Up to 20... 

Fig. 4. In the Solar Two Project a molten salt system shown in the scheme replaces Solar One s water/steam system. In operation, "cold" molten salt is pumped from a storage tank to a receiver on a tower. Sunlight reflected from a field of sun-tracking mirrors heats the salt in the receiver to 1050°C. The heated salt then flows down into a hot storage tank where it is pumped to a heat exchanger to produce the steam that drives a turbine. Some of the hot molten salt can also be stored to produce steam on demand at a later time. Salt cooled to 550°C in the steam generator recirculates through the system and...

Based on the results of the Solar One plant. Southern California Edison formed a consortium that included DOE and EPRI to constmct a Solar Two Project. Solar Two will convert the idle Solar One central receiver plant from a water/steam system to a molten salt system, thereby improving efficiency and operating performance. With the molten salt technology, solar energy can be collected during the day and stored in the salt to produce electricity when needed. The three-year demonstration is scheduled to begin in late 1996. 

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