Solar radiation table

Table 22. Daily Solar Radiation in the United States ...

TABLE 12-5 Maximum Expected Solar Radiation at Various North Latitudes ... 

Table 12-5 presents typical values of solar radiation on a horizontal... 

During heat dissipation by radiation the colour and condition of the surface plays a similar role. Dark-coloured bodies dissipate more heat than the light-coloured ones. The amount of heat absorption and emission for the same body may therefore be assumed to be almost the same. Accordingly, Table 31.1, for selected colours, may be considered for the coefficients of absorption and emission of heat due to solar radiation and natural radiation respectively. 

Table 31.1 Coefficients ol absorption (ol solar radiation) and emission (natural radiation) for a metallic surface located outdoors...

The principal components of atmospheric chemical processes are hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur, oxygenated hydrocarbons, ozone, and free radical intermediates. Solar radiation plays a crucial role in the generation of free radicals, whereas water vapor and temperature can influence particular chemical pathways. Table 12-4 lists a few of the components of each of these classes. Although more extensive tabulations may be found in "Atmospheric Chemical Compounds" (8), those listed in... 

Thermal effects depend on radiation intensity and duration of radiation exposure. American Petroleum Institute s Recommended Practice 521 (1982) reviews the effects of thermal radiation on people. In Table 6.5, data on time to reach pain threshold are given. As a point of comparison, the solar radiation intensity on a clear, hot summer day is about 1 kW/m (317 Btu/hr/ft ). Criteria for thermal damage are shown in Table 6.6 (CCPS, 1989) and Figure 6.10 (Hymes 1983). 

Solar radiation can also be used.) The overall energy used is greater than with the compression cycle, so the COP (coefficient of performance) is lower. Typical figures are as shown in Table 2.2. 

Solar radiation through windows has no time lag and must be estimated by finite elements (i.e. on an hour-to-hour basis), using calculated or published data for angles of incidence and taking into account the type of window glass (see Table 26.1). 

The eventual resolution of the issue was that argon was fitted into a new group within the table, between the halogens and the alkali metals. In the meantime, the properties were being investigated of a gas first detected in 1868 by Frankland and Lockyer by spectroscopic analysis of solar radiation. Shortly after the argon episode, it was discovered that this gas, appropriately named helium , could be... 

The density of the atmosphere varies greatly from place to place, as does its composition and temperature. The average composition of dry air (air from which water vapor has been removed) is shown in Table 4.4. One reason for the nonuniformity of air is the effect of solar radiation, which causes different chemical reactions at different altitudes. The density of air also varies with altitude. For example, the air outside an airplane cruising at 10 km is only 25% as dense as air at sea level. 

The total suspended particles value considered as input was 1.24 x 10 4 g m 3 whereas the global solar radiation was set at 158.95. Table 14 shows the input parameters used in the form of probability density function(PDF) and which allow the probabilistic analysis and sensitivity analysis in terms of simulation outcomes. 

The spectral distribution of this radiation is given in Table 4.3, from which we can easily see that radiation with wavelengths below 150nm represents only a tiny fraction of the total. The energy distribution of the solar radiation corresponds to that from a black body with a temperature of around 5,000 K. 

Table 4.3 Spectral distribution of the optical solar radiation in the Earth s atmosphere. Data taken from the Smithsonian Physical Tables (1959)...

Table 18.1 Solar radiation versus location versus exposure anglea...

The parameter classification after Klug is determined by six stability classes (with the German abbreviation AK for Ausbreitungsklasse), reaching from extreme stable (AK I) to extreme labile TAK V). In the Turner stability scheme AK 5 denotes extreme stable, AK 2 extreme labile, see table 2. An estimate of the stability can be made from synoptical observations of solar radiation, cloud cover and wind velocity /14/. With the parameters after Klug equation (3.4) becomes... 

The ionization of NO by the Lyman-a line is the main source of ions in the D region. The photodissociation of NO in the upper atmosphere occurs from the /t2Z + (F > 4), B2n (c > 7), and C2n (F > 0). The dissociation rate of NO by the solar radiation is proportional to the integrated absorption coefficient of various bands (that is, the oscillator strength). From Table V 4 it can be seen that absorption by the /if (12,0) and 6 bands is most important in leading to photodissociation. 

Table VII. Daily Total Solar Radiation at the Surface of Jacks Lake and Integrated H202 Concentration...

Table I. Approximate Distribution of Solar Radiation Reaching Deep-Basin Still...

Figures 6.3 and 6.4 show a conceptual flowchart of the energy in an ecological system. The energy input during time interval t is provided by solar radiation EA(t, ip, A, z), as is the upward transport of nutrients from deep-sea layers. The concentration of nutrients B6A(t,ip, A,z) at depth z is determined by photosynthesis RpA, advection, and destruction of suspended dead organic matter B-j. The role played by hydro-dynamic conditions relates to maintenance of the concentration of nutrients required for photosynthesis which occurs via transport from other layers or aquatories of the sea where the concentration is sufficiently high. Taking into account the designations of Table 6.7 we have...

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