Solar current-voltage characteristic

FIG. 60. Current-voltage characteristics of a solar cell made at 65 MHz and 42 mW/cm-, The dashed line indicates the maximum-power point. 

Figure 11 Current-voltage characteristics for N3-dye-sensitized Ti02 solar cells under illumination and dark using the electrolyte with and without TBP.

Under illumination with a light source, a typical solar cell exhibits the current-voltage characteristics shown in Figure 3. The current drawn by the cell when the terminals are connected to each other is the short circuit current (7SC, in mA/cm2). In the presence of an external load with infinite resistance (open circuit condition), the voltage developed is the open-circuit voltage (Voc, in V). 

The current-voltage characteristics of the ITO/polymer 22 and 23/C60/Al devices under illumination with simulated solar light (100 mW/cm2). 

FIGURE 7. Current-voltage characteristic of the device ITO/PEDOT PSS/polymer 30 PCBM/A1 under illumination with simulated AM 1.5 solar light. 

Fig. 4.7. Current-voltage characteristic of a solar cell with only radiative recombination and a band gap of eg = 1-30 eV in blackbody radiation at 5 800 K and an incident energy current of 1.39 kW/m2...

The current-voltage characteristic of an ideal solar cell in (4.57) can be seen as the sum of the currents from a diode in the dark j q = jrev[exp(el//A T) — l] and from a current source contributing jig = jsc. This leads to the equivalent circuit of an ideal solar cell sketched in Fig. 4.10, consisting of an ideal diode and a current source in parallel. 

In this section we discuss a method of controlled material degradation for individual organic semiconductors and also for the blends used in bulk heterojunction solar cells [37]. The degradation is studied using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and by determining current/voltage characteristics (I/V measurements) of the devices. 

The operation of a photovoltaic system is governed by the current-voltage characteristic curves of the photovoltaic module. Such a set of curves, for different values of the incident solar irradiance and constant photovoltaic module temperature, is shown in Figure 2.4. The curves consist of two parts. In the first part the photovoltaic module behaves as a constant-current source, with amplitude proportional to the solar irradiance level. In the rest of the curve, current decays... 

The principal method of characterizing solar-cell performance is the measurement of conversion efficiency while the cell is exposed to 1 sun illumination (—100 mW cm-2). The conversion efficiency is determined by measuring the current - voltage characteristic (see Fig- 8), locating the maximum power point (Pm = JmVm), and also measuring the solar insolation... 

Fig. 8. Current-voltage characteristic of a p-i-n cell fabricated on a glass substrate r]= 10.1%, area = 1.09 cm2. Vx = 0.84 V, Jm — 1.78 mA cm-2, FF = 0.676, illumination = 98.62 mW cm-2, T= 25.7°C. [From Catalano et al., Attainment of 10% conversion efficiency in amorphous silicon solar cells. Conf. Rec. IEEE Photovoltaic Spec. Conf., Vol. 16, 1982 IEEE.]...

As with all optoelectronic semiconductor devices, the current-voltage characteristics of an organic solar cell can be modelled using the continuity equations for each charge type. For electrons in the steady state we have... 

Fig. 7 Current-voltage characteristics of a polymer solar cell under illumination (solid line) and in the dark (broken line). The various situations (a-d) from Fig. 5 are shown for comparison...

Fig. 30 Photovoltaic properties of an MDMO-PPV based polymer-fullerene solar cell with an active area of 0.1 cm. a External quantum efficiency (EQE) of [70]PCBM MDMO-PPV cells, spin-coated from chlorobenzene (triangles) and ODCB (squares) and of [60]PCBM MDMO-PPV devices spin-coated from chlorobenzene (open circles) b current-voltage characteristics of [70]PCBM MDMO-PPV devices, spin-coated from ODCB in the dark (open circles) and under illumination (AM 1.5, 1000 W/m squares). The inset shows the I-V characteristics in a semilogarithmic plot. (Reproduced with permission from [170], 2003, Wiley-VCH)...

Fig. 56 ECE (A) of 7-, 30-, and 60-nm-long CdSe nanorods having a diameter of 7 nm. Current-voltage characteristics in the dark and O.lmW/cm (B) and at AM 1.5 solar spectrum (C) of P3HT CdSe hybrid solar cells. Photocurrent spectra of 60-nm-long nanorods with a diameter of 3 and 7 nm are compared in (D). From [250]. (Reprinted with permission from American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), 2002. http //www.sciencemag.org)...

CdSe nanocrystal based solar cells were substantially improved by Sun et al a twofold increase in the EQE was achieved for MDMO-PPV based blends by application of CdSe nanotetrapods instead of nanorods [254]. The tetrapods, due to their shape, induced better directed electron transport normal to the film plane, yielding overall power conversion efficiencies of 1.8%. The current-voltage characteristics of this device are displayed in Pig. 57. 

Figure 7 Dependence of the solar to hydrogen conversion efficiency on current density in the cell p-InP(Ru)/3M-HCl/Pt under 84.7mWcm solar irradiance. The insert shows the current voltage characteristics of the platinum cathode and of the p-InP(Ru) photocathode under 84.7 mW cm sunlight...

Fig. 1 Matching of current-voltage characteristics of solar cell and electrolyzer (a) at constant light power density 1, 2, 3 - characteristics of solar cell at Ng = 1,2, and 4 (at Sj = const) 4 - characteristic of electrolyzer (Ng = 1) o - maximum power point (MPP) dashed line shows the locus of maximum cell output power at the given radiation power density (b) at varying radiation power density 1 , 2, 3, -characteristics of solar cell dashed line - locus of MPP hatched area - variations of MPP in the most probable limits of variation of the light power density and temperature 4 - characteristic of electrolyzer.

Principles of simulation have been elaborated by Carpetis [22] who introduced the current-voltage characteristic of the solar cell in an implicit form, O (I, Vj, T, J) = 0 where Ig and Vg are the cell output photocurrent and voltage respectively, T is the cell temperature, and J is the solar radiation intensity. Besides four variables the function O contains also five constants which are to be determined from five independent sets of experiments. 

J. P. Charles, M. Abdelkrim, Y. H. Muoy, and P. Mialhe, A practical method of analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of solar cells, Solar Cells 4 (1981) 169-178. 

J. F. McCann, S. Hinckley, and D. Haneman, An analysis of the current-voltage characteristics of thin-film front wall illuminated and back wall illuminated liquid junction and Schottky barrier solar cells, J. Electrochem. Chem. 137 (1982) 17-37. 

Silicon nanostructures can be obtained in acidic fluoride-containing media or in alkaline solution at potentials negative from open circuit potential. The (photo) current-voltage characteristic of Si in fluoride-containing electrolytes reveals a series of phenomena which have attracted considerable attention in chemistry, physics, and solar energy conversion. Figure 2.39 provides an overview of these processes for both n- and p-type Si. The I-Vcurve is characterized by two maxima and periodic variations at higher applied anodic potential. These photocurrent... 

Fig. 20 Current-voltage characteristics of two-terminal Alo.15Gao.g5As/Si tandem solar cell.

Fig. 9 Current-voltage characteristics of molecular, treated (a and b) and untreated (c) Au/CdS/Cu(In,Ga)Se2/Mo solar cells in dark and under illumination (light intensity 1.5 AM). The molecules used, shown schematically in Fig. 7, are DMDC and DCDC for a and b, respectively. The molecules were deposited on the polycrystalline Cu(ln,Ca)Se2 surface before the wet chemical deposition of the CdS [111].

All current-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic devices were measured with a source measure imit in the dark and under simulated solar simulator source was calibrated using a standard crystalline silicon diode. The ciurent-voltage characteristics of Photovoltaic devices are generally characterized by the short-circuit current (/ ), the open-circuit voltage (F ), and the fill factor (FF). The photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (rj) of a solar cell is defined as the ratio between the maximum electrical power and the incident optical power and is determined byEq.(l)[4]. 

TABLE 3 Current-voltage characteristics of the dye synthesized solar cells with various electrodes. 

Figure 18.2 Typical current-voltage characteristics for dark and light current in solar cells and the main photovoltaic parameters that define the device quality. Tc, short circuit current Voc, open circuit voltage FF, fill factor l ax nd V ax, the current and voltage values at the maximum power point rj, photoconversion...

---