Soil oiganic matter

In soil the most widespread mineral is quartz, feldspar and mica flakes thongh calcite and gypsmn are present occasionally. Also there are important aecnmnlations of kaolinite, zeolite and montmorillonite etc. Characterization of soil indicates its mechanical composition, i.e., the size of grains in it. The size of particles determines the varions names of soil thns there are stony, silty, sandy soils. In soil, oiganic matter is usually represented by hnmns, which consists of stable humic degradation matter, and their type depends on the plants from which it forms. Due to presence of humus in soil, varions tint of grey, brown and black colonrs are attributed. Type and quantity of humus may... 

Chiou CT (1989) Theoretical consideration of the partition uptake of nonionic organic compounds by soil oiganic matter. In Sawhney BK (ed) Reactions and movement of organic chemicals in soils, SSSA Special Publication 22. Soil Sdence Society of America, Madison, WI, pp 1-29 Chou CH, Patrick ZA (1976) Identification and phytotoxic activity of compounds produced during decomposition of com and rye residues in soil. J Chem Ecol 2 369-387 Connors KA, Lipari JM (1976) Effects of cycloamyloses on apparent dissociation constemts of carboxylic acids and phenols equilibrium analytical selectivity induced by complex formation. J Pharmaceut Sci 65 379-383... 

Absorption Derivation of a relationship with soil characteristics such as pH, oiganic matter content, clay content and CEC... 

Mn, despite being the most weakly complexing transition metal, bonds with oiganic matter, oxides, and silicates and its solubility decreases. Small changes in the soil redox potential or pH can shift the Mn —Mn oxide reaction. Low pH or low Eft (see Chapter 7) favors the reduction of insoluble Mn oxides and an increased sol-uDility of Mn. As a result, Mn solubility within any particular soil can fluctuate tremendously over time, sometimes ranging from deficient to toxic levels. 

J. J. Morgan, Discussion of paper by R, L. Malcolm, E. A. Jenne, and P. W. McKenley, "Conditional Stability Constants of a North Carolina Soil Fulvic Acid with Co " " and in Oiganic Matter in Natural Waters D. W. Hood ed., Inst, of Marine Sciences, University of Alaska, 1970, p. 473. 

Phosphate is supplied by fertilisers and organic matter from manures or plant debris. Soluble fertilisers provide hydrogen phosphate for inunediate use by the plant while insoluble fertilisers need to be worked on by bacteria and the action of weak acids in the soil before they can be used. Oiganic matter phosphate goes through a transition phase of microbial phosphate before becoming hydrogen phosphate in soil solution. 

They may bmd strong to oiganic matter and minetals in certain soils, increas-ing their environment persistence. 

Righi, D., H. Dinel, H.R. Schulten, and M. Schnitzer. 1995. Characterization of clay-oiganic matter complexes resistant to oxidation by peroxide. Eur. J. Soil Sci. 46 423-429. 

Greenland DJ (1965) Interactions between clays and oiganic compounds. Part I. Mechanisms of interactions between clays and defined organic matter. Soil Fertil 28 415-425 Greenland DJ (1971) Interactions between humic and fulvic acids and clays. Soil Sci 111 34-41 Guenzi WD, McCaUa TM (1966) Phytotoxic substances extracted from soil. Soil SciSoc Am Proc 30 214-216... 

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