Soil micro-organisms

M. G. Hale, L. D. Moore, and G. J. Griffin, Root exudates and exudation. Interactions Between Non-pathogenic Soil Micro-organisms and Plants (V. R. Dom-mergues and S. V. Krupa, eds), Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1978, p. 163. 

Comparison of evolved 14CO from four sterile and non-sterile soils 60 days after treatment with MSMA-l2tC showed that from 1.7 to 10.0% of the MSMA-14C was degraded in non-sterile soil, as compared with 0.7% in steam-sterilized controls. Four soil micro-organisms isolated in pure culture degraded... 

All these pol3nners were tested for biodegradation in the presence of soil micro-organisms. A conventional sandy loam was employed. Schematic representation of the degradation apparatus was shown in Figure II. 

Soil biodegradation tests were done by taking a sandy loam as the source of the soil micro-organisms. All polymer samples were sieved through ASTM sieves and all the samples except poly-e-caprolactone, had a particle diameter between 90 and 53 pm, Poly-e-caprolactone sample was prepared dissolving a commercially... 

Whereas a wide range of potential allelopathic agents has been identified from soil micro-organisms, it has seldom been proven that they are of true ecological significance. The minimum necessary criterion for this is that the product should occur in the form and... 

The potential of nanipulating soil micro-organisms/ especially for the utilization of crop residues, has been outlined (28). For example, accelerating straw breakdown can reduce the TTme period in which organic acid toxins are produced (29). By inoculating straw... 

Monkiedje, A., Njine, T., Tamatcho, B. and Demanou, J. (2000) Assessment of the acute toxic effects of the fungicide Ridomil plus 72 on aquatic organisms and soil micro-organisms, Environmental Toxicology 15 (1), 65-70. 

Gray, T. R. G. and Williams, S. T. (1971). Soil Micro-organisms. Edinburgh Oliver Boyd. 

Especially the dependence on the mineralisation dynamics of a low-input of slow-releasing organic stable or green manure makes the nutrient flow in different soils less controllable, and requires varieties adapted to such soil fertility management. Deep, intensive root architecture may contribute to a more efficient capturing of water and nutrients (Lees and Gahoonia, 2004). Experiments have also shown that varieties may differ in efficiency of nutrient uptake and use (Baresel et al., 2005). The ability to interact with beneficial soil micro-organisms can support this efficiency (Bosco et al., 2006). 

Tewfik MS, Evans WC. 1966. The metabolism of 3,5-dinitro-o-cresol (DNOC) by soil micro-organisms. Biochem J 99 31-32. 

Brisbane P. G. and Ladd J. N. (1968) The utilization of methane, ethane, and propane by soil micro-organisms. ]. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 19, 351-364. 

Dimethoate has low persistence in soil with a half-life of 20 days. It evaporates from dry soil surfaces and is biodegradable. Since dimethoate is broken down rapidly by soil micro organisms, its breakdown is much faster in moist soils. In alkaline soils, it is degraded by hydrolysis. Since it is highly soluble in water and adsorbs very poorly to soil particles, it may leach into groundwater. 

Khan, M., and Scullion, J. (2002). Effects of metal (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb or Zn) enrichment of sewage-sludge on soil micro-organisms and their activities. Appl. Soil Ecol. 20, 145-155. 

An essential and very important component of soil organic matter is the soil microbial biomass which regulates the transformation and storage of nutrients. Since soil micro-organism play a significant role in the retention and release of nutrients, the role of soil microbial biomass must be taken into consideration in any attempt to assess nutrient and energy transfer within soil system. 

The Nippon Mining Company uses the soil micro-organism Nocardia corralina B-276 to produce a series of epoxides that are available commercially as single enantiomers. This micro-organism uses glucose as a carbon source and is not poisoned by the epoxides it produces. It also is very versatile as the selection 98 -104 shows. The two epoxides 103 and 104 are especially... 

Proteins in the human body have a limited lifetime. They are earmarked for degradation with a marker ubiquitin and hydrolysed by proteasomes. Though this is a natural and necessary sequence of events it can get out of hand and proteasome inhibitors could provide treatments for heart diseases, asthma, and arthritis. Lactacystin 112 is a proteasome inhibitor from a soil micro-organism. 

In 1989, Cutler et al. isolated (—)-koninginin (139, Figure 5.23) as a metabolite of a soil micro-organism Trichoderma koningii, and found it to be a weak inhibitor against the growth of etiolated wheat coleoptiles. 

Richardson, A.E., Hadobas, P.A., Hayes, J.E., O Hara, C.P. and Simpson, R.J. (2001) Utilization of phosphorus by pasture plants supplied with myo-inositol hexaphosphate is enhanced by the presence of soil micro-organisms. PlantandSoil 229, 47-55. 

The rejection of GMO use is considered by many in WWF as a great contribution of organic farming to the implementation of the precautionary principle. One of the main risks of GMO releases is the possible hybridization with wild relatives. Another key, little explored issue is the impact of GMOs on soil micro-organisms that can mutate very rapidly. Possible interactions between GMOs and key species should be examined where relevant. 

Anderson, H., K.H. Domsch (1985), Determination of eco-physiological maintenance requirements of soil micro-organisms in a dormant state . Biology and Fertility of Soils, Vol. 1, pp. 81-89. 

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