Soft restraints

Same but soft-restraints with weight increased to 10 11.1 13.8 13.8 46.2... 

A thorough reader should be able to verify the correctness of this statement by attempting Rietveld refinement without imposing soft restraints. 

Intensities of through-space correlations between atoms in multidimensional NMR are related to the separation (d) between those atoms by a d term. The intensities are usually standardized with respect to a correlation with a known atom-atom separation such as a geminal H H contact and then the correlation intensities can be converted to distances. These distances can then be included as constraints in the energy minimization process, leading to a geometry with the required atom-atom separations. However, it is important to realize that factors other than atom-atom separation can influence the intensity of the correlation, and therefore, it is preferable to include the distance information based on these correlations as soft restraints rather than constraints. 

Aszodi et al. [165], employed distance geometry and a simplified polypeptide chain representation. Their model chain consisted of the Ca backbone and the CP positions of the side chains. They also assumed knowledge of secondary structure and a limited number of exact long-range restraints. These have been supplemented by a set of soft restraints, somewhat in a similar spirit as those used in the work of Mumenthaler and Braun [164], They found that in order to assemble low-resolution structures. 

We conclude that high internal stresses are generated by simple shear of a long incompressible rectangular rubber block, if the end surfaces are stress-free. These internal stresses are due to restraints at the bonded plates. One consequence is that a high hydrostatic tension may be set up in the interior of the sheared block. For example, at an imposed shear strain of 3, the negative pressure in the interior is predicted to be about three times the shear modulus p. This is sufficiently high to cause internal fracture in a soft rubbery solid [5]. 

Appiy posey restraiht with soft wrists and ankie restraints... 

Values of Ci and C2 are similar in magnitude, 0.25-0.5 MPa, for typical soft rubber vulcanizates. However, whereas C is approximately proportional to the number of network strands per unit volume, C 2 appears to be rather constant, independent of the degree of crosslinking, and thus it is relatively more important for lightly crosslinked materials. As mentioned earlier, it appears to reflect physical restraints on molecular strands like those represented in the tube model of restricted configurations in the condensed state (Graessley, 2004)— restraints that diminish in importance as the deformation increases or the strands become more widely separated. 

As noted in 2.3 above, many available computer programs can be used to compute the performance of this type of wall. Most of the simpler programs analyse the stability of horizontal earth pressures with wall bending moments and the horizontal components of the support forees they do not eonsider vertical equilibrium, as illustrated by Figure le. As a result, a mode of failure resulting from inadequate vertical restraint was not properly considered, particularly noting the extremely soft nature of the very reeent organic clay. 

On the north side of section A-A, however, the wall had sufficient toe restraint in the Old Alluvium. Nevertheless, the observed displacements at Inclinometer 165 were roughly double those computed in the design, noted as Method A in Figure 13. During the inquiry, it was agreed that this was due to inappropriate modelling of the undrained behaviour of the soft clays. 

It is usually necessary, and often desirable, to impose relations between the parameters of a model. The problem to be solved is then a minimization of Equation [6] while imposing subsidiary conditions. A constraint satisfies such a condition exactly. A restraint (soft constraint) is a condition accompanied by a measure of uncertainty or a weight, and accordingly satisfies the condition only approximately. 

For physiologically realistic motions to follow in a simulation where the external (to the knee) AP force and IE torque are (force) controlled, the system requires additional simulation of the ligament and other soft tissue constraints that would occur in vivo. This soft tissue restraint would act to attenuate/limit the motions in vivo in response to... 

The stiffness of the springs used and their detailed configuration and settings (i.e., precompression or gap and gap distance) all affect the restraint and thus affect the TKR specimen kinematics [55], which in turn influence the wear. As will be seen later, the non-precompressed springs (i.e., with gaps) would also more realistically simulate the physiological soft tissue situation. 

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