Sodium/sulfur advanced high-temperature

The most advanced system of this complex is the sodium/sulfur battery. Cost estimates on high-temperature batteries show that after the development phase has been completed and prototypes tested, these systems may operate well inside economical margins, assuming that mass production starts. In case these vehicles and their batteries are only produced in small numbers, the same problem will be at hand, as already discussed with the lead-acid battery. A deficiency of mass production makes vehicles and batteries artificially expensive. 

The main interest in high temperature batteries such as lithium/iron sulfide, sodium/ sulfur, and sodium/nickel chloride is for electric vehicle applications due to their high specific power and energy possibilities. The replacement of the liquid lithium electrode with a solid LiAl alloy alleviated many of the safety concerns that plagued the other two systems, which are based on a liquid sodium electrode. In 1991, the United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC) selected the bipolar molten-salt LiAl/FeS2 battery to be developed as... 

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