Sodium reducing ability

Complexes of acetylacetone (acacH), benzoylacetone (bzacH) and dipivaloylmethane (dpmH) have been reported. The acetylacetonate [Cr(acac)2] has been prepared from chromium(II) acetate and acetylacetone.142,143 It can also be obtained by the addition of aqueous sodium acetylacetonate to an aqueous solution of chromium(II) chloride, but in any preparation the yellow solid must be filtered off and dried as rapidly as possible, otherwise the chromium(III) compound is obtained. Its magnetic moment is 4.99 BM at room temperature consistent with a high-spin d4 configuration. 142The powerful reducing ability of [Cr(acac)2] has been used to prepare iron(II) and chromium(II) complexes80 of porphyrins and related ligands. 

These preparations that illustrate the use of sodium cyanoborohydride in hexamethylphosphoramide as an effective, selective, and convenient procedure for the reduction of alkyl halides and tosylates is essentially the same as previously described.8 The very mild reducing ability of sodium cyanoborohydride makes the method particularly valuable when other functional groups are present in the molecule... 

A solvent-free reductive amination of carbonyl compounds using sodium borohydride supported on moist montmorillonite K10 clay also was facilitated by microwave irradiation (Scheme 8) [54]. Clay served the dual purpose of a Lewis acid and provided water from its interlayers to enhance the reducing ability of NaBH4. 

Making Predictions Alkah metals are strong reducing agents. Would you predict that their reducing ability would increase or decrease as you move down the family from sodium to francium Give reasons for your prediction. 

A combination of metallic bismuth or bismuth chloride and a reducing agent has been employed for the reduction of the nitro group and C-C/C-N double bonds, as shown in Schemes 5.21 and 5.22. The reducing ability and/or selectivity of sodium borohydride is improved considerably in the presenee of bismuth powder or bismuth chloride. 

Several simple tests illustrate the oxidizing and reducing ability of NaB03. Place two strips of moistened starch-potassium iodide test paper opposite each other in the concave dip of a watch glass. Place some crystals of your sodium perborate tetrahydrate, NaB03 4H20, on one of the strips, and then add a drop of 6 M acetic acid, HC2H3O2, solution over the crystals. Describe what you observe in TABLE 35.1C. Place a drop of 30%... 

CR845 is a novel peripherally restricted, all-d-amino acid tetrapeptide kappa opioid selective agonist under development for the treatment of acute and chronic pain. It belongs to a novel class of opioid ligands which has a reduced ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and therefore acts without inducing central side effects [1]. It is currently available as an intravenous formulation in a sterile isotonic 0.04 M acetate buffer of pH 4.5 composed of acetic acid, sodium acetate trihydrate, sodium chloride, and water, with addition of hydrochloric acid for pH adjustments. 

The reductive amination of carbonyl compounds can be carried out using sodium cyanoborohydride, sodium triacetoxyborohydride or NaBH coupled with sulfuric acid. These reagents involve the use of corrosive acids and/or produce waste stream. The environmentally benign methods using wet montmorillonite KIO clay supported sodium borohydride facilitated by microwave irradiation has been developed by Varma and Dahiya (1998). Clay montmorillonite KIO not only behaves as a Lewis acid but it also provides water from its interlayers that enhance the reducing ability ofNaBH.. 

The substitution of hydride ligands in [BH ] and [A1H4]" anions by other groups is an effective approach to the modification of the reducing abilities of these reagents. Many substituted hydrides have been synthesized by replacement of H- in the [BH4] anion. For example, alkali metal trialkylborohydrides and trialkoxyborohydrides, as well as sodium and lithium cyanoborohydrides O" and dicyanoborohydrides, 2,l5 been... 

Another type of antihypertensive drug is the diuretic. The mechanism by which the diuretics reduce elevated blood pressure is unknown, but it is thought to be based, in part, on their ability to increase the excretion of sodium from the body. The actions and uses of diuretics are discussed in Chapter 46. 

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