Sodium polystyrene sulfate

Acute decreases in renal function and hyperkalemia usually resolve over several days after ACEl or ARB therapy is discontinued. Occasional patients will require management of severe hyperkalemia, usually with sodium polystyrene sulfate (see Chap. 50). ACEl or ARB therapy may frequently be reinitiated, particularly for patients with congestive heart failure, after intravascular volume depletion has been corrected or the diuretic doses reduced. The development of mild renal insufficiency (serum creatinine concentration of 2 to 3 mg/dL) may be an acceptable trade-off for hemodynamic improvement in certain patients with severe congestive heart failure or renovascular disease not amenable to invasive management. Congestive heart failure patients with greater renal insufficiency may be best treated by substitution of hydralazine and nitrates for afterload reduction. 

Bomback AS, Woosley JT, Kshirsagar AV. Colonic necrosis due to sodium polystyrene sulfate (Kayexalate). Am J Emerg Med 2009 27(6) 753.el-2. 

The polymerization reaction is conducted at the desired temperature with a slow stirring regime for a certain period. A typical recipe for the emulsion polymerization of styrene is exemplified in Table 1 [40]. As seen here, potassium persulfate and sodium dodecyl sulfate were used as the initiator and the stabilizer, respectively. This recipe provides uniform polystyrene particles 0.22 /Lim in size. 

Deionized water (720 g), sodium lauryl sulfate (4.3 g), dioctanoyl peroxide (40 g), and acetone (133 g) were emulsified using an ultrasonic probe for 10 minutes. The step 1 polystyrene seed (48.0 g seed, 578 g latex) was added to the emulsion together with lauryl sulfate (0.8 g) and acetone (29.6 g). The mixture was transferred to a flask and left to agitate at approximately 25°C for 48 hours. Acetone was then removed and the solution added to a 5-liter double-walled glass reactor. The temperature was increased to 40°C while styrene (336 g) and divinyl benzene (0.88 g) were added drop-wise over approximately 60 minutes. After 4 hours the mixture was treated with deionized water (1200 g), potassium iodide (1.28 g), and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (18.48 g) with the temperature increased to 70°C. The polymerization continued for 6 hours at 70°C and 1 hour at 90°C. Styrene-based oligomer particles with a diameter of 1.7 pm and with a narrow size distribution were obtained. 

Interference with T4 absorption Cholestyramine, chromium picolinate, colestipol, ciprofloxacin, proton pump inhibitors, sucralfate, sodium polystyrene sulfonate, raloxifene, sevelamer hydrochloride, aluminum hydroxide, ferrous sulfate, calcium carbonate, bran, soy, coffee. 

Cellulose acetate phthalate Dextrin-2-sulfate Sodium lauryl sulfate Lactobacillus crispatus Polystyrene sulfonate Polyherbal extracts Naphthalene sulfonate polymer C31G... 

The rate of racemization of the ionic biphenyl 24 was found to be accelerated by sodium dodecyl sulfate and by sodium polystyrene sulfonate but was not appreciably affected by polydiallyldimethyl-ammonium bromide or dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (Table 17). 

Properties of Dispersions and Polymers. All polymer dispersions with SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) as an emulsifier were stable for at least 8 months. Dispersions with Na laurate as emulsifier flocculated after a short time. Polyacrylates on drying yielded clear and coherent films polystyrene and PMMA dispersions gave opaque and brittle layers. The doses needed for polymerization were well below a dose which causes cross linking or degradation. 

Swelling of polystyrene latex particles with styrene. The swelling ratios and the corresponding interfacial tensions for the different-size latexes with added anionic surfactants Aerosol MA and sodium dodecyl sulfate are listed in Table II. Those values obtained with added nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 and polymeric surfactant polyvinyl pyrrolidone are listed in Table III. Figure 1 compares theoretical curves from Model I with all of the experimental data. It is found that a curve corresponding to Xmp = 0.35 fits the data best. Therefore, a semi-empirical... 

The products discussed above touch us in every moment of our lives. We wake in the morning to an alarm clock in a polystyrene case we arise from our polyester blend sheets and slip on a pair of slippers glued with polyurethane glue. We flip the polymethylmethacrylate light switch and walk across a Nylon carpet to the bathroom. Our polymethylmethacrylate toothbrush is sitting on the Formica counter top. It has Nylon bristles. The soap we use to wash our face may be hydrocarbon derived sodium lauryl sulfate. We walk to the kitchen with polyvinyl chloride floors and sit at a Formica table. The polyethylene milk carton is at hand to supply the milk for the cereal stored in the polyethylene bag. It is eaten from a urea formamide bowl. The frying pan has a phenolformaldehyde plastic handle and a Teflon interior coating. 

Figure 9. Influence of anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on uptake of C.I. Add Orange 7 by the polystyrene anion exchangers (a) as well as the polyacryUc and phenol-formaldehyde anion exchangers (b), of C.I. Reactive Black 5 by the polystyrene ardon exchangers (c) as well as the polyacrylic and phenol-formaldehyde anion exchangers (d) and of C.I. Direct Blue 71 by the polystyrene anion exchangers (e) as well as the polyacrylic and phenol-formaldehyde anion exchangers (f)...

However, there is a single published case report of a diabetic patient stabilised on warfarin, insulin, digoxin, theophylline, ferrous sulfate, furo-semide and sodium polystyrene sulfonate who had a nosebleed after taking three 400-mg doses of tolmetin. His prothrombin time had risen from a range of 15 to 22 seconds up to 70 seconds. The manufacturers of tolmetin and the FDA in the US also have 10 other cases on record, received over a 10-year period. ... 

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