Sodium methyl sulphate

Methylation of the Alkaloids. When cephaeline is treated with methyl sulphate or sodium methyl sulphate under various condition, there is formed in addition to emetine (which was first shown to be the methyl ether of cephaeline and partially synthesised in this way by Carr and Pyman in 1913), more or less N-mcthylcephaeline (wedge-shaped plates, m.p. 194 5°), and N-methylemetine. The latter is also obtained by direct methylation of emetine it is amorphous, [a]n — 52-6° (CHCI3), but yields a hydrobromide, C33H42O4N2.2HBr. 3H2O, m.p. 210-30°, [ajp + 5-6° (H2O). 

Methylation.—The pure ecgonine is converted into its methyl ester, by heating with methyl alcohol and hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, or by employing sodium methyl sulphate, and the ester, after liberation from its salt, is extracted with chloroform and cleaned by distillation in a high vacuum. 

On neutralisation an active is obtained with appr. the mole ratio composition 80 20 FAMESrSFAS. Sodium methyl sulphate (CH30S03Na) is also produced in a molar quantity roughly equivalent to the SFAS. 

Structures for the three sulphonates present in, for example, alpha-sulphomethyl tallowate and for sodium methyl sulphate ... 

The volume of alkali consumed by the LMWAS in a sample of the size used is small if the sample contains 85% active and 5% sodium methyl sulphate, the volume used is 2.6 ml. It is necessary to use a large excess of alkali to allow for the amount used in saponifying the esters. 

Pure -xylene may be prepared from p tolyl-sodium and methyl iodide or methyl sulphate. 

A third synthesis which has resulted in the preparation of rieinine and a number of its derivatives is due to Schroeter, Seidler, Sulzbacher and Kanitz,i2 who foimd that cyanoacetyl chloride polymerises spontaneously to 6-chloro-2 4-dihydroxy-3-cyano-pyridine. The di-sodium derivative of this with methyl sulphate produces A -methyl-6-chloro-4-hydroxy-3-cyano-2-pyridone (6-chlororicininic acid), the mono-sodium derivative of which, with methyl bromide or sulphate, is converted into 6-chlororicinine and the latter is reduced by zinc and sulphuric acid to rieinine. A fourth synthesis, starting from 3-nitro-4-pyridone, is due to Reitmann. ... 

VCL N-vinylcaprolactam, SDS sodium dodecyl sulphate, MACUE042 polyethylene oxide)42 undecyl a-methacrylate, KPS potassium persulphate, VA-086 2,2 -azobis [ 2-methyl-N-(2-hydroxye thyl) propionamide ]... 

There is a recent trend towards simultaneous CE separations of several classes of food additives. This has so far been applied to soft drinks and preserved fruits, but could also be used for other food products. An MEKC method was published (Lin et al., 2000) for simultaneous separation of intense sweeteners (dulcin, aspartame, saccharin and acesulfame K) and some preservatives (sorbic and benzoic acids, sodium dehydroacetate, methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and isopropyl- p-hydroxybenzoates) in preserved fruits. Ion pair extraction and SPE cleanup were used prior to CE analysis. The average recovery of these various additives was 90% with good within-laboratory reproducibility of results. Another procedure was described by Frazier et al. (2000b) for separation of intense sweeteners, preservatives and colours as well as caffeine and caramel in soft drinks. Using the MEKC mode, separation was obtained in 15 min. The aqueous phase was 20 mM carbonate buffer at pH 9.5 and the micellar phase was 62 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate. A diode array detector was used for quantification in the range 190-600 nm, and limits of quantification of 0.01 mg/1 per analyte were reported. The authors observed that their procedure requires further validation for quantitative analysis. 

Dimethyl selenide, (CH3)2Se.—An intimate mixture of selenium and amorphous phosphorus (5 2) is heated, and the black mass powdered and heated in a retort with concentrated sodium hydroxide and potassium methyl sulphate. The mixture foams and a yellow liquid distils over. This is separated from the water and fractionated to remove dimethyl diselenide, which is present in small quantity. 

Abbreviations BSA, bovine serum albumin Chi, chlorophyll DCPIP, 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol DMBQ, 2, 6-dimethyl-l, 4-benzoquinone DTT, dithiothreitol Fd, ferredoxin Hepes, N-2-hydroxyethyl-piperazine N -2-ethane sulphonate LDAO, lauryldimethyl amine oxide Mes, 4-morpholine ethane sulphonic acid MV, methyl viologen PAGE, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis PRuK, phosphoribulokinase PS, photosystem Ru5P, ribulose 5-phosphate SDS, sodium dodecyl sulphate TMPD, N, N, N, N -tetramethyl paraphenylene diamine TRX. thioredoxin... 

A solution of sodium arsenite is first prepared in the container C by dissolving 42 kg. arsenious oxide in a solution of 64 kg. of NaOH in 188 kg. water. When it has completely dissolved the solution is introduced into the Pfaudler kettle A and then 64 kg. methyl sulphate are added through the pipe 0, maintaining the temperature at about 85° C. The completion of the conversion... 

Bromo-6 -dimethylaminodiphenylarsinic acid.—A mixture of 4 8 grams of 2-bromo-6 -aminodiphenylarsinic acid and 10 c.c. of methyl sulphate is heated on the steam-bath for three hours. The solution is then decomposed by sodium carbonate solution and the acid precipitated by hydrochloric acid. It crystallises from aqueous alcohol in clusters of colourless needles, M.pt. 220° to 221° C. 

Methylation Methyl sulphate + sodium hydride solanine, demissine77... 

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