Sodium fusion test

In order to ascertain whether sufficient nickel to complete a given reaction has been used, the liquid phase may be tested for starting material before an attempt is made to isolate a product. In general the sodium fusion test for sulfur is satisfactory for this purpose but in certain individual cases a specific test may be more convenient. Thus, in the desulfurization of thioacetals (mercaptals), unreacted material... 

There are three straightforward tests which will provide useful information as to the general properties of the compound, and the presence of the more important of the elements noted above other than carbon, hydrogen and oxygen these tests are the ignition test heating with soda-lime and the sodium fusion test (Lassaigne s test). 

Sulfonamides Basic (reflux) hydrolysis Sodium fusion test Positive for all sulfonamides Presence of sulfur and nitrogen... 

Sulfonic acids Sodium fusion test Solubility in aqueous base Presence of sulfur Most sulfonic acids are soluble in dilute sodium hydroxide and generate carbon dioxide with sodium bicarbonate... 

A sodium fusion test would first be performed on the unknown, breaking it down into its components, and then the unknown would be acidified, mixed with carbon tetrachloride, and shaken with Cl2. A purple color would be indicative of I2/ which would indicate n-hexyl iodide as the unknown. If no purple color is observed, we would add AgNOa. The formation of a white precipitate (AgCl) would point to benzyl chloride as the unknown. 

If the sodium fusion test fails, the Br2/CCl, test for unsaturation would be next. If there is decolorization of the bromine solution, then the unknown would most likely be 1-phenyl 1-propene, which is the only unsaturated compound. 

Nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and sulfur may be identified by tests sinoilar to the sodium fusion test. To obtain the details of such tests, you should consult a textbook on qualitative organic analysis. The reference list at the end of this chapter includes examples of suitable textbooks. 

The Lassaigne s sodium fusion test was also carried out on all the product samples. It is a qualitative test used to show the presence of oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and halogens in organic molecules. In this test, the element to be identified is first converted into an inorganic ionisable form which can be readily identified by inorganic tests. 

The Beilstein or the sodium fusion test for the presence of halogen. 

Chemical Test. Does the soda lime or the sodium fusion test (see Chapter 9) confirm the presence of nitrogen in your caffeine product ... 

Chemical Tests. This compound is an interesting reaction product because it contains three different types of heteroatoms chlorine, nitrogen, and sulfur. The sodium fusion test (see Chapter 9) may be used to substantiate the presence of these elements. 

Check the solubility of acetanilide in water. Is the aqueous solution acidic, basic, or does it remain neutral as indicated by pH paper Does the ignition test indicate that an aromatic group is present Does the soda lime or sodium fusion test indicate the presence of nitrogen Does the hydroxamate test for amides give a positive result ... 

Chemical Tests. Additional chemical tests (Chapter 9) may also be performed to further characterize the product. Does the ignition test confirm the presence of the aromatic ring Does the BeUstein test detect the presence of chlorine Can the sodium fusion test detect the presence of nitrogen Can the specific presence of the nitro group be detected by reaction with fenous hydroxide solution ... 

Chemical Tests. Chemical classification tests (see Chapter 9) are also of value to establish the identity of these compounds. Perform the ferric chloride test for phenols. Is a positive result obtained for each compound Does the sodium fusion test detect the presence of nitrogen The test for nitro groups might also be performed. The phenyl- or a-naphthylurethane derivatives of the phenols may be prepared to further establish their identity (see Chapter 9, Preparation of Derivatives). 

Chemical Test. Carry out a sodium fusion test to confirm the presence of nitrogen, sulfur, and chlorine in the product (see Chapter 9). 

An unknown organic carboxylic acid, mp = 139-141 °C, burned with a yellow, sooty flame. The sodium fusion test showed that nitrogen was present. It did not react with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, but did give a positive test when treated with 5% aqueous ferrous ammonium sulfate solution, acidified with 3 M H2SO4, and then followed by methanolic KOH solution. A 200-mg sample of the acid neutralized 12.4 mL of 0.098 M sodium hydroxide solution. 

A colorless liquid, bp = 199-201 °C, bums with a yellow, sooty flame. The sodium fusion test proved negative for the presence of halogens, nitrogen, and sulfur. The compound was not soluble in water, 5% aqueous sodium hydroxide, or 5% hydrochloric acid. However, it dissolved in sulfuric acid with evolution of heat. It did not give a precipitate with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine solution, and it did not decolorize bromine-methylene chloride solution. The unknown liquid did give a positive hydroxamate test and was found to have a saponification equivalent of 136. Identify the unknown liquid. 

Chemical Tests. Chemical classification tests (Chapter 9), such as the ignition test and the soda lime test (or sodium fusion test), may also be conducted to further establish the identity of the product. The hydroxamate test may be used to establish the presence of the amide functional group. 

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