Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, effect

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, (C2H5)2N CS S Na+. This reagent is generally used as a 2 per cent aqueous solution it decomposes rapidly in solutions of low pH. It is an effective extraction reagent for over 20 metals into various organic solvents, such as chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and ethanol. The selectivity is enhanced by the control of pH and the addition of masking agents. 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, dimethyldithiocarbamate and disulphuram are potent inhibitors of the enzyme dopamine-0-hydroxylase of brain, possibly because of chelation of copper. The copper-diethyldithiocarbamate complex penetrates the central nervous system more readily than does copper ion, itself. These effects slow the disappearance of pentobarbitone from plasma and produce behavioural changes in rats180. ... 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, (C2Hs)2NCSS Na, is effective for the extraction of about 20 metals ° into various organic solvents such as ethyl acetate and carbon tetrachloride. The stabilities of the diethyldithiocarbamates are in general parallel to the insolubilities of the sulfides. Bode and Stary and Kratzer carried out systematic studies of various metals, using masking agents for selective extractions. 

It could be shown, moreover, (Vallee and Neurath, 1955) that five times recrystallized carboxypeptidase was completely inhibited by metal chelating agents, such as 8-OHQ-5SA and 1-10 phenthroline at concentrations of 10 W,Q ,Q Dat concentrations of 10" Af, and some 30% byEDTA at 10 M. These are all known to form complexes with zinc in simple systems. In these experiments, the buffered enzyme solutions were incubated with the chelating agent at pH 7.5, 4°C., for 1 hour prior to the addition of the substrate. Inhibition did not occur when these chelating agents were first incubated with an equimolar amount of zinc, cupric, or ferrous ions. Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate, zincon, sulfanilamide, and diamox, the latter two employed because of their effect on carbonic anhydrase, had little, if any, effect on carboxypeptidase activity. DPN, nicotinamide, and A-methylnicotinamide, examined because of their effect on the ADH sys-... 

Animal studies have demonstrated that sodium diethyldithiocarbamate is an effective antidote to acute nickel carbonyl poisoning when the chelating drug is administered parenterally soon after the exposure (Baselt and Hanson 1982, Baselt et al. 1977, West and Sunderman 1958). Based on this evidence, sodium diethyldithiocarbamate has been used for many years to treat patients with acute nickel carbonyl poisoning (Sunderman 1971, 1979, 1992, Sunderman and Sunderman 1958). In a critique of the published experimental and clinical data. Brad-berry and Vale (1999) concluded that adequately controlled clinical trials of the drug have never been performed they suggested... 

Simplicity, rapidity, and specificity have caused adoption of atomic absorption as a standard method in water analysis. Often solutions must be concentrated prior to measurement. Freezing, evaporation, ion exchange, and solvent extraction techniques have been reported. This paper describes a method for concentrating ferric iron, copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate and methyl isobutyl ketone. Data shows increase in sensitivity caused by (1) concentrating effect of extraction, and (2) choice of the ketone solvent in preference to water. Recovery data on various industrial waters indicate that the method is reliable, reproducible, and accurate. 

The results of this investigation show that the method described can be effectively used when the concentration of metals in water is too low for analysis by normal atomic absorption procedures provided the metals form solvent extractable complexes with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate. We use this method routinely for the determination of iron, lead. 

Lead in urine has also been determined using the more sensitive atomizing techniques. Kubasik and Volosin (K9) first extracted the lead from lurine with sodium diethyldithiocarbamate into MIBK and measvured the lead in the extract with a carbon rod atomizer. Excess amoimts of several normal urinary constituents had negligible effect on recovery of the lead. 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate was introduced for the treatment of nickel carbonyl intoxication (Sunderman 1990), for which it is very effective. The use of this compound is not recommended for other toxic metals because of the lipid-soluble complexes which it forms with many of them. Such complexes readily pass into the central nervous system. 

Sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (Imuthiol) has been shown to restore and regulate the number and activities of T-cells, and since zinc is essential for the formation of the immune system, a combination of them might be expected to have beneficial effects. In this light, [Zn(S2CNEt2)2] has been tested, but was... 

An impressive list of compounds has been used to decrease cisplatin nephrotoxicity [ANF, glycine, diethyldithiocarbamate, calcium channel blockers, cimetidine, sodium thiosulphate, glutathione, other sulfidryl compounds,. ..]. Among them only sodium thiosulphate has received a significant clinical application and has been reported to reduce the renal toxicity of cisplatin administered locally by either the intra-arterial, intra-peritoneal or intrathoracic routes [50, 51]. However, controversies still exists as to the effect of sodium thiosulphate on cisplatin antitumor activity. Thus sodium thiosulphate may be most useful in combination with intraperitoneal cisplatin where it confers renal protection without altering local effects of cisplatin [51]. 

---