Sodium compounds perborate

By far the most commercially important boron compound in terms of dollar sales is Na2B407.5H20. This pentahydrate is used in very large quantities in the manufacture of insulation fiberglass and sodium perborate bleach. 

Sodium Peroxoborate Tetrahydrate. The compound sodium peroxoborate tetrahydrate [28962-65-4] (sodium perborate trihydrate), Na2B2(02)2[(0H)J 4H20, was formerly written as NaBO 3H20. A number of procedures have been pubHshed (13) for producing this hydrate most... 

Perbora.tes, Sodium perborate [7632-04-4] is the most widely used soHd peroxygen compound. Commercially it is available as a tetrahydrate [10486-00-7] and a monohydrate [10322-33-9]. The tetrahydrate is produced by treating a borax solution with hydrogen peroxide and sodium hydroxide ... 

In a related reaction, primary aromatic amines have been oxidized to azo compounds by a variety of oxidizing agents, among them Mn02, lead tetraacetate, O2 and a base, barium permanganate, and sodium perborate in acetic acid, tert Butyl hydroperoxide has been used to oxidize certain primary amines to azoxy compounds. 

All classes of primary amine (including primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl as well as aryl) are oxidized to nitro compounds in high yields with dimethyl dioxirane." Other reagents that oxidize various types of primary amines to nitro compounds are dry ozone, various peroxyacids," MeRe03/H202,"" Oxone ," ° tcrt-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of certain molybdenum and vanadium compounds, and sodium perborate." ... 

Many other peroxy compounds can analogously be produced in the region of HAP for instance, sodium perborate Na2(B03)2 (from sodium metaborate NaB02) and peroxycarbonates. These compounds are used as stable oxidizing and bleaching agents. 

The instability of DAST-type brighteners towards chlorine-containing bleaches has been mentioned already. They also show limited stability towards per-acids. As recommended washing temperatures have tended to fall in recent years, a bleach consisting of sodium perborate activated by addition of tetra-acetylethylenediamine (11.63) has become an important component of household detergent formulations. This system is effective at temperatures as low as 40-50 °C. Since the FBA may be sensitive to the activated oxidant, however, in some formulations it is necessary to protect compounds such as 11.60 or 11.61 by encapsulating either the brightener or the activator, if adequate shelf-life is to be maintained. 

Various convenient methods for the oxidation of oximes to nitro compounds have been developed in recent years. Olah has reported a convenient oxidation of oximes to nitro compounds with sodium perborate in glacial acetic acid (Eq. 2.60).122... 

This is an alternative method of introducing copper into an o-hydroxyazo dye structure. The azo compound is treated with a copper(II) salt and an oxidant in an aqueous medium at 40-70 °C and pH 4.5-7.0. Sodium peroxide, sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide or other salts of peroxy acids may be used as oxidants, the function of which is to introduce a second hydroxy group in the o -position [25]. This process is reminiscent of earlier work on Cl Acid Red 14 (5.51 X = H), an o-hydroxyazo dye that will not react with a chromium (III) salt to form a 1 1 complex but will do so by oxidation with an acidified dichromate solution. This oxidation product was later found to be identical with that obtained by conventional reaction of Cl Mordant Black 3 (5.51 X = OH) with a chromium(III) salt [7]. 

Sodium perborate in acetic acid converts oximes into nitro compounds thus acetophenone oxime yields 52% of PhCHMeN02403. Nitroalkanes and nitroarenes are obtained from isocyanates and dimethyldioxirane (equation 122)404. 

The objective of this work Is to establish a reaction mechanism between sodium perborate and several organophosphorus esters. By analogy we can then describe Its probable effects upon other phosphorus-based Insecticides. We conclude that the reactivity of sodium perborate toward five model compounds Is attributable to the nucleophilic reactions of hydroperoxyl anion, HO2 , produced by perborate dissociation In water. On this basis we predict that sodium perborate solutions will be effective chemical detoxicants for phosphorus ester Insecticides. 

The most common initiators are acyl peroxides, hydroperoxides, or azo compounds. Hydrogen peroxide, potassium persulfate, and sodium perborate are popular in aqueous systems. Ferrous ion in some cases enhances the catalytic effectiveness. 

Compounds include perborates, sodium carbonate pemxyhydrate, and peroxymonosulfate. 

Nomenclature. The naming of sodium perborate, one of the most important commercial boron compounds, has long been confused. The tetrahydrate has more recently come to be called the hexahydrate. The crystallographically derived names are used to avoid confusion. The commercial or common names are also given. 

Anhydrous Sodium Perborate, Anhydrous sodium perborate. NaB03, is an ill-defined, powdery material. It should perhaps be regarded more as an amorphous assemblage of radicals than as a defined compound. 

Although several methods are available for the preparation of the title compounds, in practice the starting material is (diacetoxyiodo)benzene (DIB). The standard method for its preparation is direct oxidation of iodobenzene with either peracetic acid [ 1 ] or sodium perborate in acetic acid [2], The first method appears to be preferable it requires great care in maintaining temperature at exactly 40°C at a lower... 

---