Sodium chloride molecular structure

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Organic substances such as methane, naphthalene, and sucrose, and inorganic substances such as iodine, sulfur trioxide, carbon dioxide, and ice are molecular solids. Salts such as sodium chloride, potassium nitrate, and magnesium sulfate have ionic bonding structures. All metal elements, such as copper, silver, and iron, have metallic bonds. Examples of covalent network solids are diamond, graphite, and silicon dioxide. 

Analogical molecular structure is possessed by other simple compounds such as potassium iodide, ammonium chloride, sodium hydroxide, barium nitrate, ammonium acetate and so on. In all these compounds there is a transfer of one or several electrons from one element to the other, positive and negative ions being thus formed, that are hold together in a crystal by electrostatic attraction. A bond of this kind is no genuine chemical bond in tbe correct meaning of the term, but is just,a result of Coulomb forces of attraction between opposite charges. 

Since the Braggs first determination, thousands of structures, most of them far more complicated than that of sodium chloride, have been determined by x-ray diffraction. For covalently bonded low molecular weight species (such as benzene, iodine, or stannic chloride), it is often of interest to see just how the discrete molecules are packed together in the crystalline state, but the crystal structures affect the chemistry of such substances only to a minor degree. However, for most predominantly ionic compounds, for metals, and for a large number of substances in which atoms are covalently bound into chains, sheets, or three dimensional networks, their chemistry is very largely determined by the structure of the solid. 

Except where the context requires otherwise, the term refers to a set of -> molecular entities containing isotopes in their natural abundance. The wording of the definition given in the first paragraph is intended to embrace both cases, such as graphite, sodium chloride, or a surface oxide, where the basic structural units may not be capable of isolated existence, as well as those cases where they are. In common chemical usage, generic and specific chemical names (such as -> radical or hydroxide ion) or chemical formulae refer either to a chemical species or to a molecular entity. 

A metathesis reaction is a convenient route to lanthanide tetrahydroaluminate and lanthanide tetrahydroborate complexes. Using tetrahydroaluminate complexes as the hydride source, a number of structurally characterized lanthanide tetrahydroaluminate complexes are prepared via metathesis reactions in the presence of an excess of a Lewis base (Equation 8.24) [79]. Metathesis reaction of organolanthanide chlorides with alkali metal tetrahydroborate generates the corresponding lanthanide tetrahydroborate. The same reaction with sodium hydride in THE is reported to afford a lanthanide hydride however, no molecular structure for the hydride has been presented up till now. 

S. T. Cui and J. G. Harris, Ion association and liquid structure in supercritical water solutions of sodium chloride a microscopic view from molecular dynamics simulations, Chem. Eng. Sci. 49,2749-2763 (1994). 

Molecular dynamics simulations for the mixture water (1) + methane (2) + sodium chloride (3) revealed a similar local structure around an infinitely dilute gas molecule, namely the methane molecule is preferentially hydrated and sodium chloride is preferentially excluded from the vicinity of a methane molecule [72]. 

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