Chlorides molecular structure

Much work has been carried out in order to elucidate the molecular structure of poly(vinyl chloride). In 1939, Marvel, Sample and Roy dechlorinated PVC with zinc dust to give linked cyclic structures (Figure 12.9). 

Bonds may also be broken symmetrically such that each atom retains one electron of the pair that formed the covalent bond. This odd electron is not paired like all the other electrons of the atom, i.e. it does not have a partner of opposite spin. Atoms possessing odd unpaired electrons are termed free radicals and are indicated by a dot alongside the atomic or molecular structure. The chlorination of methane (see later) to produce methyl chloride (CH3CI) is a typical free-radical reaction ... 

Amorphous thermoplastics These are made from polymers which have a sufficiently irregular molecular structure to prevent them from crystallising in any way. Examples of such materials are polystyrene, poly methyl methacrylate and polyvinyl chloride. 

Jentsch TJ, Stein V, Weinreich F et al (2002) Molecular structure and physiological function of chloride channels. Physiol Rev 82 503—568... 

The molecular structures from electron diffraction of zinc dichloride, zinc dibromide, and zinc diiodide have been reinvestigated.612 The important effects halides have on geometry have also been investigated, in particular the changes from octahedral to tetrahedral geometry in the presence of chloride ions have been studied.613... 

Fig 1 Molecular structure of 8a showing the encapsulated chloride anion at the centre of the cage. The anion interacts with cage via eight N-H Cl hydrogen bonds and two NT 01 Lewis acid-base interactions... 

Figure 6. Measured molecular structure of methyl chloride (CH3CI), taken from Jensen (1981). CH3CI is a nearly tetrahedral molecule with symmetry. All C-H bond lengths, H-C-H angles and H-C-Cl angles are identical.

Fulton JL, Hoffmann MM, Darab JG (2000a) An X-ray absorption fine structure study of copper(I) chloride coordination structure in water up to 325°C. Chem Phys Lett 330 300-308 Fulton JL, Hoffmann MM, Darab JG, Palmer BJ, Stem EA (2000b) Copper(I) and Copper(II) Coordination stmcture under hydrothermal conditions at 325°C An X-ray Absorption Fine Stmcture and Molecular Dynamics Study. JPhys Chem A104 11651-11663... 

A dimeric compound of formula [Ce(C8H8)Cl 2 THF] 2 also has been prepared 46) and structurally characterized 47). The molecular structure consists of two cerium atoms which are asymmetrically bridged by the two chloride ions with... 

X-ray crystallography, 40 20-21 synthetic models, 40 23-48 xanthane oxidase, 40 21-23 chalcogenide halides, 23 370-377, 413 Chevrel phases, 23 376-377 metal-metal bonding, 23 330, 373 structural data, 23 373-376 as superconductors, 23 376 synthesis, 23 371-372 chloride, 46 4-24, 35-44 heterocations of, 9 290, 291 cluster compounds, 44 45-46 octahedral, 44 47-49, 53-63 electronic structure, 44 55-63 molecular structure, 44 53-54 synthesis, 44 47-49 rhomboidal, 44 75-82 solid-state clusters and, 44 66-72, 74-75, 80-82, 85-87 tetrahedral, 44 72-75 triangular, 44 82-87 cofactor, 40 2, 4-12 anaerobic isolation, 40 5 molybdopterin and, 40 4-8 reduced form, 40 12 synthesis, 40 8-12 xanthine oxidase, 45 60-63 complexes... 

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