Sodium atomic symbol

In the sodium atom pairs of 3/2 states result from the promotion of the 3s valence electron to any np orbital with n > 2. It is convenient to label the states with this value of n, as n P 1/2 and n f 3/2, the n label being helpful for states that arise when only one electron is promoted and the unpromoted electrons are either in filled orbitals or in an x orbital. The n label can be used, therefore, for hydrogen, the alkali metals, helium and the alkaline earths. In other atoms it is usual to precede the state symbols by the configuration of the electrons in unfilled orbitals, as in the 2p3p state of carbon. 

The superscripted numbers and signs in the atoms symbols indicate the ion s overall chcirge. Cations have superscripts with -i- signs, and anions have superscripts with - signs. When the element sodium, Na, loses an electron, it loses one negative charge and is left with one overall positive charge because it now has one more proton than electron. So Na becomes Na+. 

Here, X represents any symbol of an element such as Al, K, Mg etc... Now, let s see an example. A neutral sodium atom (Na) has 11 protons, 11 electrons, 12 neutrons, and an atomic mass number of 23, which are shown thusly ... 

A sodium atom has 11 protons in its nucleus. Since atoms have no net charge, the number of electrons must equal the number of protons. Therefore, a sodium atom has 11 electrons moving around its nucleus. It is always true that a sodium atom has 11 protons and 11 electrons. However, each sodium atom also has neutrons in its nucleus, and different types of sodium atoms exist that have different numbers of neutrons. For example, consider the sodium atoms represented in Fig. 2.14. These two atoms are isotopes, or atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. Note that the symbol for one particular type of sodium atom is written... 

The formate ion, CH02, forms ionic compounds with many metal ions. Assume that 9.7416 g M(CH02)2 (where M represents the atomic symbol for a particular metal) is dissolved in water. When a solution of 0.200 M sodium sulfate is added, a white precipitate forms. The sodium sulfate solution is added until no more precipitate forms then a few milliliters are added in excess. The precipitate is filtered, dried, and weighed. It has a mass of 9.9392 g. The filtrate is saved for further use. 

The chemical formula for a substance shows its chemical composition. This represents the elements present as well as the ratio in which the atoms of the elements occur. The formula for a single atom is the same as the symbol for the element. Thus, Na can represent a single sodium atom. It is unusual to find such isolated atoms in nature, with the exception of the noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, and Rn). A subscript following the symbol of an element indicates the number of atoms in a molecule. For instance, F2 indicates a molecule containing two fluorine atoms, and a molecule containing four phosphorus atoms. 

The nuclear mass number and charge are often written with the atomic symbol (or element symbol). Every element has a symbol based on its English, Latin, or Greek name, such as C for carbon, O for oxygen, S for sulfur, and Na for sodium (Latin natrium). The atomic number (Z) is written as a left rafescript and the mass number (A) as a left 5 pcrscript to the symbol, so element X would be zX. The mass number is the sum of protons and neutrons, so the number of neutrons (N) equals the mass number minus the atomic number ... 

Sodium An element that is a member of the alkali group of metals. It has the atomic symbol Na, atomic number 11, and atomic weight 23. With a valence of 1, it has a strong affinity for oxygen and other nonmetaUic elements. Sodium provides the chief cation of the extracellular body fluids. Its salts are the most widely used in medicine. (From Dorland, 27th ed) Physiologically the sodium ion plays a major role in blood pressure regulation, maintenance of fluid volume, and electrolyte balance. [NIH]... 

The symbol for sodium is Na and the electronic structure of the sodium atom is 2.8.1, so there is one electron in the last electron shell which we represent by one dot (or cross - the choice is yours ). 

For example, the symbol for one particular type of sodium atom is written... 

Many monatomic cations and anions exist. These ions can exist in the gas phase, and many are important in atmospheric chemistry. But we encounter ions most frequently when dealing with the chemistry of substances dissolved in water. For example, sodium atoms lose an electron relatively easily to form the sodium cation, Na+. Because it still has 11 protons, this ion retains the symbol of sodium, yet it does not behave at all fike an atom of sodium. Consider an order of French fries. You may have heard news stories about the high amount of sodium in an order of fries, and concerns have been raised about the possible health effects of too much sodium in our diets. This statement could be confusing, because here the word sodium does not refer to sodium metal. In fact, if we place sodium metal on freshly made French fries, the metal will burst into flame The sodium we hear... 

Write the complete atomic symbol for each of the following isotopes (a) carbon-13, (b) phosphorus-31, (c) sodium-23, (d) boron-10... 

The formation of Na from Na and CP from CI2 indicates that an electron has been lost by a sodium atom and gained by a chlorine atom. Electron transfer to form oppositely charged ions occurs when the atoms involved differ greatly in their attraction for electrons. NaCl is a rather typical ionic compound because it consists of a metal of low ionization energy and a nonmetal with a high affinity for electrons. (Sections 7.4 and 7.5) Using Lewis electron-dot symbols (and showing a chlorine atom rather than the CI2 molecule), we can represent this reaction as follows ... 

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