Sodium ammonium hypobromite

Methylsuccinic acid has been prepared by the pyrolysis of tartaric acid from 1,2-dibromopropane or allyl halides by the action of potassium cyanide followed by hydrolysis by reduction of itaconic, citraconic, and mesaconic acids by hydrolysis of ketovalerolactonecarboxylic acid by decarboxylation of 1,1,2-propane tricarboxylic acid by oxidation of /3-methylcyclo-hexanone by fusion of gamboge with alkali by hydrog. nation and condensation of sodium lactate over nickel oxide from acetoacetic ester by successive alkylation with a methyl halide and a monohaloacetic ester by hydrolysis of oi-methyl-o -oxalosuccinic ester or a-methyl-a -acetosuccinic ester by action of hot, concentrated potassium hydroxide upon methyl-succinaldehyde dioxime from the ammonium salt of a-methyl-butyric acid by oxidation with. hydrogen peroxide from /9-methyllevulinic acid by oxidation with dilute nitric acid or hypobromite from /J-methyladipic acid and from the decomposition products of glyceric acid and pyruvic acid. The method described above is a modification of that of Higginbotham and Lapworth. ... 

Calcium, iron, magnesium, alkali metals, and citrates do not affect the analysis. Ammonium salts interfere and must be eliminated by means of sodium nitrite or sodium hypobromite. The hydrochloric acid normally used in the analysis may be replaced by an equivalent amount of nitric acid without any influence on the course of the reaction. Sulphuric acid leads to high and erratic results and its use should be avoided. 

Orthanilic acid was first made by the reduction of nitro-benzenesulfonic acid by ammonium sulfide.2 This reduction has also been carried out electrolyticallv, and by the use of iron or zinc.3 The acid has also been made by the rearrangement of phenylsulfamic acid,4 by the action of sodium hypobromite upon potassium o-carbaminebenzenesulfonate,5 by the reduction of the mixed nitrobenzenesulfonic acids followed by separation of the isomers,6 by the action of methyl alcohol upon o-nitro-phenylsulfurchloride,7 by the action of acid upon diacetyl diphenylsulfamide,8 by the debromination of />-bromoaniline-e-sulfonic acid,9 by the reduction of 1,2,6-aminothiophenolsulfonic acid,10 and by the hydrolysis and reduction of e-nitrobenzene-sulfonyl chloride, which was obtained from di-o-nitrophenyl-disulfide.11... 

Sodium hypobromite reacts with ammonium hydroxide according to the equation... 

For some of the simple 4,5-dihydro-3//-pyrazoles not available by the diazoalkane-alkene route, an alternative to the hydrazine reaction discussed in the last section is oxidative cyclization of a 1,3-diamine. Hence, an alternative preparation of the ketone 1 is to react 2,4-dibromo-2,4-dimethylpentan-3-one with sodium azide, reduce the azide groups with ammonium polysul-fide " and oxidatively cyclize with sodium hypobromite. " ... 

Selective oxidation of primary OH groups in carbohydrate derivatives has been achieved using A -oxoammonium salts generated from (2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-l-yl)oxy (TEMPO) and its derivatives as catalysts. The stoichiometric oxidants employed include sodium hypochlorite [48-50], sodium hypobromite [51, 52], and ammonium peroxodisulfate (using silver on alumina as a co-catalyst) [53, 54]. A representative protocol is shown in Scheme 12. 

Chloramine. By mixing sodium hypochlorite with ammonium bromide, chloramines can be. Chloramines are believed to be nearly as biocidal as hypobromous acid or hypobromite. This product has recently been introduced in. At this time little is known about the product. It requires a somewhat complex feeding system because caustic soda is also added so that the pH can be closely controlled. Furthermore, corrosion problems could be expected on non stainless steel equipment, including in the vapour phase (press and drying sections). 

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