Soda Fabrik synthesis

Once the structure of indigo was established in 1870, it was quite logical to attempt its synthesis, not only as an intellectual challenge, but also as a profitable source of cheaper indigo that could advantageously compete with the natural dyestuff. The first industrial synthesis used by "Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik" (BASF) was the procedure developed by Karl Neumann, which utilised the reaction of aniline with chloroacetic acid and then cyclisation of the resulting product to indoxyl promoted by NaNHj at high temperatures (over 200 °C). However, the... 

One of these companies was Badische Anilin und Soda Fabrik or BASF (translated as Baden-Baden Aniline and Soda Ash Company) in the town of Ludwigshaven in the Rhine valley of Germany, which combined the synthesis of anihne dyes and alkalis in early products and in their name. 

Since its discovery in 1909, the elucidation of its structure by Karrer in 1931 [5] and its first total synthesis [6], vitamin A has represented a challenging target molecule for chemists [7], The first industrial synthesis of retinol was performed at Hoffmann-La Roche (H-L R) [8], followed by other approaches of the Baadische Anilin- Soda Fabrik (BASF AG) [9], and Rhone-Poulenc (R-P) (today Aventis) [10]... 

In this problem, we will determine the degrees of freedom of a process circuit conqjosed of several process units by examining a methanol-synthesis process. Methanol was first synthesized from carbon monoxide and hydrogen on a commercial scale in 1923 by Badische Anilindund Soda-Fabrik (BASF) in Germany [25]. Methanol is an important basic bulk chemical used in the synthesis of formaldehyde and acetic acid [28] and it has been proposed as an automobile fuel and fixel additive [26]. Methanol has also been proposed as a substrate to produce a bacterium suitable as a protein source (single-cell protein). The bacterium would be a soy meal and fishmeal substitute for animal and poultry feeds [27]. If these applications should ever develop, the demand for methanol will increase considerably. 

The technical and patent literature contains references to hundreds of different types of catalyst mixtures which are to be used under a wide variety of conditions. Although the earlier patents of Patavt and the Badische Anil in u. Soda Fabrik specifically claimed the complete exclusion of iron from the system, a point which has aroused considerable controversy and litigation, it lias been claimed that catalysts consisting essentially of iron may even be used for methanol synthesis.148... 

In 1908, Haber, a professor at the University of Karlsruhe, Germany, started a collaboration with the chemist Carl Bosch of the Badische Anilin- und Soda-Fabrik (BASF) at Ludwigshafen. Their 1909 experiment in which 8% of ammonia formed at 550°C and 175 atm confirmed the predictions from chemical thermodynamics and convinced them of the feasibility of ammonia synthesis at an industrial scale. 

An even more explicit statement of reaction conditions is shown below for the BASF (Badische Anilin Soda-Fabrik) process for the synthesis of methanol from CO and H2. This reaction occurs at 350 °C, under a total gas pressure that is 340 times as great as the normal pressure of the atmosphere, and on the surface of a mixture of ZnO and Cr203 acting as a catalyst. As we will learn later in the text, a catalyst is a substance that enters into a reaction in such a way that it speeds up the reaction without itself being consumed or changed by the reaction. 

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