SN = sodium nitrate

TNT, trinitrotoluene CB, composition B SP, smokeless powder HSSP, high strength smokeless powder fuel, various types — sulfur, gilsonite, other solid hydrocarbons, NH, — %nosulfonate, others AN, ammonium nitrate SN, sodium nitrate BN, barium nitrate NaP, sodium perchlorate SC, sodium chlorate C, combinations (AN/SC incompatible)... 

With the addition of Sn as a second metal the composition was closer to that predicted for pure Cg cyclization. Rhenium had the opposite effect (107). Suppression of the acidity of the alumina support (of platinum or palladium) by incorporation of sodium nitrate (126) decreases first the C5 - Cg ring enlargement activity of the catalyst (124, 127). Potassium ions (94-94b) or iec-butylamine (70) have a similar effect. 

Though the oxidation potentials of potassium nitrate (KN KNO3) and sodium nitrate (SN NaN03) are high, both metal nitrates generate combustion products of high Mg, Thus, the specific impulse becomes low when KN or SN is used in a rocket propellant KN and SN are used as major ingredients of explosives and in pyrotechnics. KN is a weU-known material as a major component of black powder. 

Materials which readily form alloys with Pt (nonmetals P, As, Te, Si, B and C) or metals which melt at low temperatures (Pb or Sn) or substances which liberate these materials during ignition or melting processes can not only damage but even destroy platinum apparatus. This also holds for all melts containing potassium hydroxide, sodium nitrate, or mixtures of the alkali hydroxides or alkali carbonates with sodium nitrate melts containing peroxides, cyanides or sulfides are particularly Injurious to crucibles. 

SIUIO. SeeSorbitanoleate SMS. See Sorbilan stearate Sn-(ll)-ethylhexanoate. See Stannous octoate Soap clay. See Bentonite Soda lye. See Sodium hydroxide Soda mint See Sodium bicarbonate Soda niter Soda nitre. See Sodium nitrate Sodium acid carbonate. See Sodium bicarbonate Sodium acid phosphate. See Sodium phosphate... 

Fig. 24 Graphical representation of the E-P-S relation (Eq. 10) between the squares of the experimental detonation rates of explosive mixtures and the slopes, a-R" > of Kissingers relationship (Eq. 7)—taken from [153], Black points correspond to dynamites with a nitric ester content of over 30 wt %. Oxidizing systems of all of these explosives are based on ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with sodium nitrate (SN), potassium nitrate (PN), calcium nitrate (CN), aluminium nitrate (AlN), lithium nitrate (LiN), and sodium chloride-sodium nitrate (NaCl/SN), nickel(II) nitrate (NiN), copper(II) nitrate (CuN) and cobalt(II) nitrate (CoN)...

Pettine, Millero and Macchi (1981) also acquired stability constant data for the formation of Sn(OH)2(aq) in sodium nitrate media. From these data, Gamsjager et al. (2012) determined the following stability constant at zero ionic strength and associated ion interaction coefficient by using the standard specific ion interaction theory ... 

The accepted data for Sn(OH)3 are different to those selected by Gamsjager et al. (2012) due to a preference for use of the sodium nitrate data for calculation of the stability constant at zero ionic strength. Nevertheless, the chosen stability constant in the present review is within the uncertainty assigned by Gamsjager etal. (2012) to their selected stability constant. 

Fig. 15 The relative transition state structures for the ion-pair SN 2 reactions between sodium thiophenoxide and benzyldimethylphenylammonium nitrate in DMF and in methanol. Reproduced, with permission, from Westaway (19%).

The outstanding chemical characteristic of alkenyl halides is their general inertness in SN1 and SN2 reactions. Thus chloroethene fails to react with silver nitrate in ethanol (i.e., low SN1 reactivity), fails to react with potassium iodide in acetone (i.e., low SN-2 reactivity), and only reacts slowly with sodium hydroxide to give ethyne (low E2 reactivity). The haloalkynes, such as RC=C—Cl, are similarly unreactive. 

---