Smooth Smoothness

Interface roughness rough smooth smooth smooth smooth smooth... 

Texture Smooth Smooth Smooth Smooth Smooth Buttery to Smooth Smooth ... 

Surface appearance Smooth Smooth Smooth Smooth slop... 

Fracture surf. smooth smooth smooth/ductile ductile smooth/ductile smooth/ductile... 

Appearance Smooth Smooth Smooth Soften blister Blister Smooth... 

At r > Tr, the relaxation of a non-equilibrium surface morphology by surface diffusion can be described by Eq. 1 the thermodynamic driving force for smoothing smoothing is the surface stiffness E and the kinetics of the smoothing is determined by the concentration and mobility of the surface point defects that provide the mass transport, e.g. adatoms. At r < Tr, on the other hand, me must consider a more microscopic description of the dynamics that is based on the thermodynamics of the interactions between steps, and the kinetics of step motion [17]. 

A relatively old publication attempted to link skin texture to the measurement of /%. Authors found fairly good correlation between the smoothness of chamois leather, as perceived by experts, and the inverse of /u-k.8 This in vitro result was, however, not confirmed in vivo by Prall who found other types of correlations.9 On the other hand, it has been shown that 1 //u-k correlates very well with the slippery effect of oils. Such results reveal the complexity of the quality of smoothness smoothness of skin and smoothness perceived when applying a cosmetic product to the skin correspond to two different sensations. 

More often the data-enhancement step is done later, to simplify the data processing and to lower the computational burden placed on the instrumental computer. When data are enhanced either at-line or off-line, after data acquisition is complete, the process is called smoothing. Smoothing methods are much more varied than ones used exclusively for filtering because the time and computational constraints are not as demanding. It should be noted, however, that most filtering methods can also be used for smoothing. 

So that a wavelet function can efficiently represent characteristics of an underlying function, it is necessary that the wavelet be sufficiently smooth [14], If one considers the Haar wavelet depicted in Fig. 11, one can clearly see that this wavelet suffers from a lack of smoothness. Smoothness is closely related to how many times a wavelet can be differentiated and to the number of vanishing moments possessed by the wavelet vj/(t). One measure of smoothness is the Holder exponent [14], which is defined to equal = q + Y where and Y are the largest values such that... 

As Newton recognized, this short range of action of molecular forces has made the force measurement extremely difficult. Only in the past few years or so has it been possible to make the necessary measurements at the nanometer level to prove these ideas. Two problems have been overcome. The first one was the measurement technique. Optical methods, such as multiple beam interferometry and laser optical levers, have been developed to measure atomic distances. Piezoelectric actuators were invented to control nanomovements. The second issue was surface smoothness. Smooth surfaces of oxides such as mica, silica ot alumina have been found. Also tiny smooth probes have been made on a large scale by electronic wafer fabrication routes. Tbese new techniques have allowed a new and proper definition of molecular adhesion. 

Solid Metal a. Flat b. Profile 0. Profile with Filler Concentric Serrated Very Smooth Smooth Brute force seals. Gaskets made of flat metal. Relatively thin compared to width. Metal selection dependent on corrosion and temperature. 

Compression (4 1) single-flighted Smooth Smooth 1.5L Good Excellent... 

Rhizoid Smooth Smooth or often Smooth or sometimes... 

Seta ornamentation Smooth or rough Smooth Smooth or (especially Thuidiaceae) rough... 

Smoothness Smooth base paper gives a uniform and closed coated surface. The various coating processes have slightly different smoothness requirements. Air knife coaters require a relatively smooth surface because, in that method, coating... 

Smoothness Smooth Rough Smooth Filled RRIM TPO from polished molds Poor painted appearance Excellent painted appearance... 

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