Smoking agents

Amount of Smoke Agents Required to Produce i, 000 Cubic Feet of... 

Amount of Sriioke Produced Per Unit Weight of Smoke Agent at... 

Amount of Smoke Agent per Cubic Meter of Standard Smoke. ... 

Obscuring Power of White Smokes. The total obscuring power, TOP, of a white smoke agent used for screening purposes, is obtained by multiplying the product of volume, in cubic ft or smoke produced per lb of material, and the reciprocal of the smoke layer, in ft, necessary to obscure the filament of a 40-watt Mazda lamp. The TOP for some white smoke agents, at low altitudes where atm constituents are plentiful, is given in Table 1... 

The so-called standard smoke is a smoke of such a density that a 25-candlepower light is just invisible when observed thru a layer 100 ft thick, A comparison of some white smoke agents at low altitude, where atm constituents are plentiful, in terms of the amount of smoke agent required to produce 1000 cubic ft of standard smoke, is given in Table 2... 

AMOUNT OF SMOKE AGENTS REQUIRED TO PRODUCE 1,000 CUBIC FEET OF STANDARD SMOKE... 

All of the TOP and standard smoke measurements are made at low altitude, where atm constituents available for reaction with the primary smoke particles are plentiful. The importance of atm constituents is illustrated in Table 3 where the number of grams of smoke formed per gram of smoke agent used is tabulated... 

AMOUNT OF SMOKE PRODUCED PER UNIT WEIGHT OF SMOKE AGENT AT 75% RELATIVE HUMIDITY... 

Si, and stannic tetrachloride. An effective smoke agent, whether it be mechanically dispersed from an aircraft spray tank or vaporized thermally, is a mixt of S trioxide and chlorosulfonic acid (FS smoke agent) which upon hydrolysis forms sulfuric and hydrochloric acid dispersions. Of course, all such formulations are highly corrosive, and, if not outright toxic, then conducive to pulmonary edema... 

Two separate greenhouses should be used for smoking agents or fumigant studies in order to avoid contamination. 

The principal use for the tetrachloride is in pyrots as a smoke agent (called FM ), Ref 5 reports that the tetrachloride. . is extremely reactive resulting in the formation of hydrated oxides, or with atmospheric moisture and, when used for screening, is often disseminated from aircraft spray tanks. Its reaction with water vapor is relatively complex. First, the titanium tetrachloride is hydrated. This reaction is followed by further hydrolysis yielding, finally, titanium hydroxide and HC1. The smoke consists of a mixture of fine particles of solid titanium hydroxide, Ti(0H)4 the hydrated oxide, Ti02-H20 intermediate hydroxychlorides of titanium and dilute HC1 droplets. The sequence of reaction is ... 

Sprince H, Parker CM, Smith GG. 1979. Comparison of protection by L- ascorbic acid, L-cysteine, and adrenergic-blocking agents against acetaldehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde toxicity Implications in smoking. Agents Actions 9 407-414. 

Properties Pale-yellowish, translucent, crystallizable solid of waxy consistency. Sp, gr, 1.82 at 20°. M. P. 44.1°. B. P. 280°. Spontaneously inflammable in air at normal temperature gives off dense white smoke, consisting of phosphorus pentoxide and phosphoric acid. The former has a very high obscuring power. White phosphorus has the greatest total obscuring power (T. 0, P.) of all smoke agents. 

Uses Was used as smoke agent in French shells in mixture with phosgene and chlorpicrin. 

A smoke agent, us its name implies, is one capable of obscuring vision in sufficient measure to afford concealment. It may incidentally burn or corrode, yet primarily it screens. 

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