Smoke generator units

FUSA Chemical Section, devoted maximum attention to supply and to the needs of the chemical mortar battalions. It also meant the provision of supply support and tactical advice for the smoke generator units which were heavily employed by TUSA, especially in its river crossings. As a result of experience in these tasks, the TUSA Chemical Section found that the one chemical depot company attached could not handle all supply requirements. It recommended that two such companies be assigned, and more important still, that CWS should have far more transportation for the depot company, the smoke generator, and the mortar units. The CWS could not operate its own supply system, which it did with very little help from other supply services, and at the same time shift men and equipment in a fast-moving war without greatly Increased transportation. The chemical section suggested addition of a truck company to the Army for CWS... 

Theater commanders, with a few exceptions, willingly supported the preparedness effort since they valued the insurance. They increasingly welcomed the CWS nongas warfare activities as the war progressed. They had no heavy mortar other than the chemical mortar, which proved tremendously effective, and they had no means for sustained provision of artificial smoke other than the smoke generator units and CWS-furnished smoke pots and ammunition. 

By mid-1943 the Japanese were raiding Goodenough Island regularly and Milne Bay, New Guinea, occasionally. The theater proceeded with its plans to station the two smoke generator units temporarily at Milne Bay where they could be adapted to island employment and... 

In June 1944 the commanding general, USASOS, recommended to General MacArthur the employment of smoke generator units during the early stages of an amphibious operation for screening supply dumps... 

The thirteen-week program, which was in effect when the CWS UTC was officially established in October 1942, provided a very necessary extension of training time. It included programs to cover the highly specialized technical instruction of CWS ground and air service units and of smoke generator units. ... 

Sanitary ware, including tubs, showers, combined units, basins, and toilet tank, may be made of thermoformed ABS or acryHc sheet, molded glass-fiber-reinforced polyester, or cast acryHc resins. The glass-polyester type dominates the tub/shower market. It is possible to install the units as a two-component system, assembled in place. Gel coats may be of thermoformed decorative acryHc skins. To reduce the smoke generated by fire, methyl... 

There are various innovations that the fire science community can produce to reduce human losses. These include less flammable materials, early and accurate fire detection devices, and reliable suppression systems. Each of these approaches assists in keeping the fire from becoming large, an important factor since most fatalities in the United States occur some distance away from the room of fire origin from smoke generated from large fires (5). 

By August 31, 1945, the United States arsenal had 1,343,728 chemical bombs. It should be noted that the 1000-lb bomb was considered the most effective and may have constituted the bulk of that number, though bombs ranged from 10 to 2000 lbs. There were also 6389 chemical 4.2-in. mortars and 13,550,613 chemical mortar rounds (all types). In addition, there were chemical candles, smoke generators, pots, grenades, and shells. 

The XP-2 chamber was further developed by the US National Bureau of Standard (NBS). This NBS chamber as standardized in ASTM E 662-1979 has become the most wide-spread test apparatus in the United States. In this method, the light transmittance is again measured for calculating the specific optical density of the smoke generated on the following theoretical basis ... 

As for the rate of heat release (cf. Section 3.1.3) and rate of smoke generation (cf. Section 4.1.1.2), a rate of toxicity production was introduced in terms of the unit surface of the sample. It led to the definition of the dynamic toxicity factor ... 

Soviet investment in chemical warfare expanded considerably in the post-war period. The Military Chemical Forces (VKhV) are a separate arm of the military establishment. Commanded by a three-star general (Colonel-General V. K. Pikalov), these specialist troops consist of units and subunits with responsibilities for chemical defence, radiation and chemical reconnaissance, the operation of flame throwers and smoke generators, the identification of enemy chemical weapon sites and other targets for Soviet chemical strikes, and for the decontamination and deactivation of personnel, weapons, equipment, structures and terrain exposed to radioactive and chemical agents. Apart from the employment of smoke and flame equipment, these chemical troops are trained and equipped for defensive purposes they are not responsible for the delivery of chemical munitions. ... 

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