Smart fluids

Ouellette, J. (2003/2002) Smart fluids move into the marketplace. The Industrial Physicist (Dec./Jan. 14—17). 

Bullough, W.A. Smart Fluid Machines. Chapter 9 of Smart Technologies, World Scientific (2003), pp. 193-218... 

Temperature detection can easily be performed with the help of thermo-resistive elements. We do not restrict ourselves to materials that are compatible with the silicon IC-process. The fluid and electronic systems should be combined in a "hybrid system. Smart fluid systems in the sense of, say, integrated sensors are out of reach. Smart components, used in a system like the MESA-MFS are conceivable. However, one should consider the necessity and the economics of such components in an overall system, where mounting, bonding, coimecting, etc. is necessary anyway. 

The ER polishing slurries are obviously superior to the conventional colloidal slurries, as the mechanical properties of RR fluids can be easily adjusted via the applied electric field. The semiconductor wafers, even more complex semiconductor devices, can be efficiently and elTectively polished using the cheap and smart ER slurries, Wc believe the ER slurries may revolutionize the chemical-mechanical-polishing (CMP) technology, which now plays a key role in the polishing industry. Of course the magnetorheological fluid can also function as a smart fluid for polishing purposes [56,57]... 

Responsive polymeric materials that undergo a solubility phase transition by variation in temperature are particularly interesting since they allow the development of smart soluble materials or smart fluids. The majority of such responsive polymeric materials that undergo a phase transition in aqueous solution exhibit a lower critical solution temperature (LCST). 

The research around the use of montmorillonite to obtaining nanocomposites polymer-MMT has become even more intense. In a review, Biswas and Ray [45] described several features of polymer-MMT nanocomposite materials. Ray and Okamoto [24] reported various characteristics of polymer-layered silicate nanocomposite materials, some of these materials exhibited distinctive properties like biodegradability. Ahmadi et al. [46] reviewed synthetic routes, properties, and future applications of polymer-layered nanocomposites. Significantly, nanocomposites of PAni and PPY with MMT clay via emulsion polymerization technique [47, 48] were found to act as electrorehological fluids, sometimes denominated smart fluids. In this context, Ballav and Biswas [49, 50] reported high yield oxidative polymerization of thiophene, aniline, pyrrole, and furan by MMT— without extraneous oxidant—vis-a-vis nanocomposites formation of the corresponding polymers with MMT. 

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