Small angle x-ray scattering technique

Applications of Small Angle X-Ray Scattering Techniques for Characterizing High Surface Area Carbons... 

Some small-angle X-ray scattering techniques have also been applied to polysiloxane elastomers. One examples is the characterization of the structures of gels.343 The most important example, however, has been the characterization of fillers precipitated into polysiloxane elastomers, and the corresponding incorporation of such elastomers into ceramic matrices (in both cases to improve mechanical properties).92,344,345 Some of this work is described in Chapter 8. 

In the past 10 years, many characterization techniques have been used in the in situ study of the formation mechanism of zeolite from clear solution. For example, Honssian et al. studied the TPA-silicalite-1 system by using the small-angle X-ray scattering technique [34] Carlsson et al. performed a modeling study on the crystallization of silicalite-I from a liquid-phase system [35] Smaihi and colleagues applied in situ 27A1-,... 

Small-angle X-ray scattering techniques provide a route to information at a larger scale, particularly in multi-phase materials such as semi-crystalline polymers, block copolymers, and blends. Quantitative details on crystalline lamellar size or on preferred orientation are just two examples of the structural parameters which can be obtained using this powerful technique.2" 2>243... 

The lamellar thickness (4), the thickness of amorphous interlamellar region (4), and the long period (L), defined as the distance between the centers of two adjacent lamellae, were calculated by using the small-angle X-ray scattering technique (62) and are reported in Table 6.9. 

P. K. Pujari, D. Sen, G. Amarendra, S. Abhaya, A. K. Pandey, D. Dutta, S. Mazumder, Study of pore structure in grafted polymer membranes using slow positron beam and small-angle X-ray scattering techniques, Nucl. Instrum. Meth. B., 254, 278-282 (2007). 

Fig. 7 Polypropylene nanocomposites with montmorillonite filler woe characterized in unique ways using small-angle X-ray scattering techniques. Different types of scan are shown p-scan parallel scan across a horizontal web n-scan normal scan across a slanted web tomo scan scan across the full rod. These approaches hold tremcardous promise for imderstanding morphological phenomena in SMPINCs. Reprinted horn Stribeck et aL [97], Copyright 2014, Open Access...

Pujari, P. K., et al. (2007). Study of Pore Structure in Grafted Polymer Membranes Using Slow Positron Beam and Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Techniques. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 254(2), 278-282. 

For understanding the properties of IPNs, it is important to know the transition layer thickness. Using small-angle X-ray scattering technique, this value... 

Some small-angle X-ray scattering techniques have also been applied to elastomers, an example being the characterization of fillers incorporated into elastomers to improve their mechanical properties (172,173). 

Small-angle X-ray scattering is also a powerful in situ technique that could be used together with electrochemistry to study surfaces and resolve the size and structure of phases on the nanometer scale. Chapter 6 discusses details of the small-angle X-ray scattering technique with special emphasis on the experimental setup and analysis. 

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