Slurries nebulisation

R. Fobinski, W. Van Borm, J. A. C. Broekaert, P. Tschoepel and G. Toelg, Optimisation of slurry nebulisation inductively-coupled plasma emission spectrometry for the analysis of zirconia powder, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem., 342(7), 1992, 563-568. 

L. Marjanovic, R. I. McCrindle, B. M. Botha and J. H. Potgieter, Analysis of cement by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry using slurry nebulisation, J. Anal. At. Spectrom., 15, 2000, 983-985. 

Jarvis K.E. and Williams J.G., 1989, The analysis of geological samples by slurry nebulisation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Chem. Geol., 77,... 

A1 [199] Optimisation of the slurry nebulisation conditions was performed for the analysis of zirconia powder. Zirconia powder ICP-OES Simplex... 

Optimisation of the slurry nebulisation conditions was performed for the analysis of zirconia powder. 

Another kind of nebuliser, the Babington type, is used for handling slurries that can contain up to 10 per cent solids. This design of nebuliser is less likely to suffer from blockage. 

The development of the Babington [10] cross flow nebuliser allowed samples containing high salt content and slurries (max. 20 pm) to be analysed with considerable ease. 

Slurry solutions can be nebulised and introduced as an aerosol to the plasma source similar to that for clear solutions and the solvent containing the particles also assists in transporting them for elemental analysis. Care must be taken in avoiding the tendency to form agglomerates and samples must be kept stirred or shaken using an ultrasonic bath prior to nebulisation. Samples of products containing very small particles, e.g. fillers in... 

A useful method of analysis of cmde and wear metals is the sample slurry method. It is well known that cmde and wear oils contain soluble, suspended and insoluble metal particulates and analysis of oils containing the soluble and suspended metals can be successfully carried out using a slurry method, provided that they are less than 4.0 pm in size and at a concentration that can be detected. An internal standard can be added to the oil sample slurry and nebulised along with the sample for matrix correction. 

Samples for trace metal analysis by A AS or ICP-OES must be presented to these instruments in liquid form. However, in some cases, samples are submitted as powders or solids (chippings, residues, etc.) requiring chemical decomposition prior to metal analysis that can lead to systematic errors in accuracy and precision of measurements. There have been many attempts to introduce samples as a slurry suspension and these were found to be successful for a limited number of samples provided that the particle sizes are suitably small. In most cases the nebulisation of the majority of samples analysed this way has shown that very low sample-introduction efficiency caused by variable particle sizes is in some cases difficult to dissociate, owing to the short residence times in the plasma. The availability of standards for this type of analysis is non-existent or difficult to obtain. 

Optimisation of operational characteristics (viewing height, RF plasma power and nebuliser argon flow) to carry out a multielemental analysis of slurry samples. Comparison of three optimisation procedures. 

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