Sludge trace metals

Beckett P.H.T. The use of extractants in studies on trace metals in soils, sewage sludges and sludge-treated soils. Adv Soil Sci 1989 9 143-176. 

LeClaire, J.P., Change A.C., Levesque C.S, Sposito G. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge. IV Correlations between zinc uptake and extracted soil zinc fractions. Soil Sci Soc Am J 1984 48 509-513. 

Measurement of trace metals, including nickel in seawater can be completed using an in-line system with stripping voltammetry or chronopotentiometry (van den Berg and Achterberg 1994). These methods provide rapid analysis (1-15 minutes) with little sample preparation. The detection limit of these methods for nickel was not stated. Recommended EPA methods for soil sediment, sludge, and solid waste are Methods 7520 (AAS) and 6010 (ICP-AES). Before the widespread use of AAS, colorimetric methods were employed, and a mrmber of colorimetric reagents have been used (Stoeppler 1980). 

Alberici TM, Sopper WE, Storm GE, et al. 1989. Trace metals in soil vegetation and voles from mine land treated with sewage sludge. Journal of Environmental Quality 18 115-119. 

Baham, J., Ball, N. B., and Sposito, G. (1978). Gel filtrations studies of trace metal-fulvic acid solutions extracted from sewage sludges. J. Environ. Qual. 7,181-188. 

Sposito, G., Bingham, F.T., Yadav, S.S. and Inouye, C.A. (1982) Trace metal complexation by fulvic acid extracted for sewage sludge II. Development of chemical models. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.J., 46, 51—56. 

Hooda, PS. and Alloway, B.J. (1994) Changes in operational fractions of trace metals in two soils during two years of reaction time following sewage sludge treatment. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem., 57, 289-311. 

McBride, M. B., Nibarger, E. A., Richards, B. K., and Steenhius, T. (2003). Trace metal accumulation by red clover grown on sewage sludge amended soils and correlation to Mehlich3 and calcium chloride extractable metals. Soil Sci. 168, 29-38. 

Rauret, G., Ldpez-Sanchez, J. F., Sahuquillo, A., Barahona, E., Lachica, M., Ure, A., Davidson, C. M., Gomez, A., Luck. D., Bacon, J., Yli-Halla, M., Muntau H., and Quevauviller, Ph. (2000). Application of a modified BCR sequential extraction (three-step) procedure for the determination of extractable trace metal contents in a sewage sludge amended soil reference material (CRM 483), complemented by a three-year stability study of acetic acid and EDTA extractable metal content. J. Environ. Monit. 2, 228-233. 

LGC144R Sewage sludge (domestic origin) - trace metals Certified values for 9 total and 9 aqua regia-soluble metals... 

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