Sludge, characterization

The OUR measurement principle developed for nonseeded wastewater differs from what is typically used for activated sludge characterization. OUR versus time measurements performed typically during 1-2 days and in a batch... 

D. Brdjanovic, M. C. M. van Loosdrecht, C. M. Hooijmans, T. Mino, G. J. Alaerts and J. J. Heijnen (1999). Innovative methods for sludge characterization in biological phosphorus removal systems. Water Sci. Technol., 39, 37 43. 

Surface Area. An important characteristic of small particles is the rapid increase in exposed surface area per unit mass as size decreases, which leads to increased chemical reaction rate. Fine powders of organic and inorganic oxidizable materials (such as coal or iron) burn vigorously or explode violently when they are present as aerosols of solid particles. Furthermore, fine sand particles influence the performance of dewatering devices, clay behavior in suspension, and oil sands sludge characterization. 

Faisst, W. K. Digested Sewage Sludge Characterization of a Residual and Modeling for Its Disposal in the Ocean Off Southern California, EQL Report, Environmental Quality Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 1976, No. 13. 

Scales P.J., Dixon D.R., Harbour P.J. and Stickland A.D., 2004. The fundamentals of waste-water sludge characterization and filtration. Water Sci. TechnoL, 49, 67-72. 

Once the life-cycle inventory has been quantified, we can attempt to characterize and assess the eflfects of the environmental emissions in a life-cycle impact analysis. While the life-cycle inventory can, in principle at least, be readily assessed, the resulting impact is far from straightforward to assess. Environmental impacts are usually not directly comparable. For example, how do we compare the production of a kilogram of heavy metal sludge waste with the production of a ton of contaminated aqueous waste A comparision of two life cycles is required to pick the preferred life cycle. 

Assists in identifying appropriate analytical laboratories to evaluate environmental samples (e.g., soil, water, sludge, waste, air) for characterizing hazards at a site. The system factors type of sample, suspected pollutants, user s needs for on-site evaluation, and laboratories locations, capabilities, and ( ualiricalions. 

Watanabe K, M Teramoto, H Eutamata, S Harayama (1998b) Molecular detection, isolation, and physiological characterization of functionally dominant phenol-degrading bacteria in activated sludge. Appl Environ Microbiol 64 4396-4402. 

Dudley L.M., McNeal B.L., Baham J.E., Coray C.S., Cheng H.H. Characterization of soluble organic compounds and complexation of copper, nickel, and zinc in extracts of sludge-amended soils. J Environ Qual 1987 16 341-348. 

Knudtsen K., O Connor G.A. Characterization of iron and zinc in Albuquerque sewage sludge. J Environ Qual 1987 16 85-90. 

Lake D.L., Kirk P.W.W., Lester J.N. Fractionation, characterization, and speciation of heavy metals in sewage sludge and sludge-amended soils A review. J Environ Qual 1984 13 175-183. 

Mullins G.L., Sommers L.E. Characterization of cadmium and zinc in four soils treated with sewage sludge. J Environ Qual 1986 15 328-387. 

Steinhilber P., Boswell F.C. Fractionation and characterization of two aerobic sewage sludge. J Environ Qual 1983 12 529-534. 

Chunli Z, Jiti Z, Jing W, Jing W, Baocheng Q (2008) Isolation and characterization of a nitrobenzene degrading yeast strain from activated sludge. J Hazard Mat 160 194—199... 

Eschenhagena M, Schupplerb M, Oskea IR (2003) Molecular characterization of the microbial community structure in two activated sludge systems for the advanced treatment of domestic effluents. Wat Res 37 3224—3232... 

Table 1 reports a wide spectrum of typologies of biofilm reactor upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB), fluidized bed, airlift, fixed bed with and without recycle, mechanically agitated vessel, rotating drum and rotating biological contactor. Each reactor is characterized by positive features and drawbacks. 

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