Sleep electroencephalograms

With the advent of a standardized sleep laboratory recording technique and scoring system [Rechtschaffen and Kales 1968] and the development of the computerized sleep electroencephalogram [EEG] analysis method (Borbely et al. 1984 Feinberg et al. 1980 Ktonas 1987 Kupfer et al. 1984 Mendelson et al. 1987a J. E. Shipley et al. 1988 Soldatos 1979], the study of sleep in depression became one of the major areas of sleep research. The sleep recordings of depressed patients were shown to be distinctly different... 

Computerized sleep electroencephalogram [CSEEG] effects of antidepressants... 

Typical complications include insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness due to frequent nighttime awakenings. Sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) reveals absent or decreased slow-wave sleep, and, in some patients, early-onset REM sleep. If untreated, long-term effects of sleep apnea include increased incidence of hypertension vascular events (e.g., myocardial infarction, stroke) poor work performance increased risk of traffic accidents and stress in personal relationships ( 22, 23). 

Brunner H, Wetter TC, Hogl B, Yassouridis A, Trenkwalder C, Friess E. Microstructure of the non-rapid eye movement sleep electroencephalogram in patients with newly diagnosed Parkinson s disease effects of dopaminergic treatment. Movement Disord 2002 17 928-933. 

Brunner D, Munch M, Biederman K, Huch R, Huch A, Borbely A. Changes in sleep and sleep electroencephalogram during pregnancy. Sleep 1994 17 576-582. 

Darko DF, Miller JC, Gallen C, White J, Koziol J, Brown SJ, Hayduk, Atkinson JH, Assmus J, Munnel DT, Naitotl P, McCutchen A, Mitler MM. Sleep electroencephalogram delta-frequency amplitude, night plasma levels of tumor necrosis fac-... 

Hubain PP, Staner L, Dramaix M, Kerkhofs M, Papadimitriou G, Mendlewicz J, Linkowski P (1998) The dexamethasone suppression test and sleep electroencephalogram in major depressed inpatients a multivariate analysis. Biol Psychiatry 43 220-229... 

Moore P, Gillin C, Bhatti T, DeModena A, Seifritz E, Clark C, Stahl S, Rapaport M, Kelsoe J (1998) Rapid tryptophan depletion, sleep electroencephalogram, and mood in men with remitted depression on serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Arch Gen Psychiatry 55 534-539... 

Evans L, Golshan S, Kelsoe J, Rapaport M, Resovsky K, Sutton L, Gillin JC (2002) Effects of rapid tryptophan depletion on sleep electroencephalogram and mood in subjects with partially remitted depression on bupropion. Neuropsychopharmacology 27 1016-1026... 

Antonijevic IA, Stalla GK, Steiger A (2000) Modulation of the sleep electroencephalogram by estrogen replacement in postmenopausal women. Am J Obstet Gynecol 182 277-282... 

Bhatti, T., Gillin, J. C., Seifritz, E., Moore, R, Clark, C., Golshan, S., Stahl, S., Rapaport, M., and Kelsoe, J., Effects of a tryptophan-free amino acid drink challenge on normal human sleep electroencephalogram and mood, Biol. Psy-chiatr., 43(1), 52, 1998. 

Achermann P, Borbely AA. Low-frequency (< 1 Hz) oscillations in the human sleep electroencephalogram.Neuroscience 1997 81 213-22. 

Probably the most important breakthrough in sleep research came in the mid-1930s when it was discovered that the profile of the electroencephalogram (EEG) changed markedly during the sleep-waking cycle (Fig. 22.4). To this day, the EEG is a major... 

Cape EG and Jones, BE (1998) Differential modulation of high-frequency gamma-electroencephalogram activity and sleep-wake state by noradrenaline and serotonin microinjections into the region of cholinergic basalis neurons. J. Neurosci. 18 2653-2666. 

Nocturnal polysomnography Visual and electrophysiologic assessment of human sleep minimally composed of electroencephalogram, electrooculogram, and electromyogram that allows determination of sleep stage, breathing events, and muscle movements. 

Lavia Fantini M., Gagnon J., Petit D. et al. (2003). Slowing of electroencephalogram in rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder. Ann. Neurol. 53, 774-80. 

Electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep studies on the use of antidepressants in depressed patients have not produced clear evidence of the involvement of REM or non-REM sleep in the mechanisms underlying clinical change. Furthermore, the role of the physiological mechanisms of sleep during treatment with antidepressants is still unclear. Further basic sleep research is necessary (Gillin 1983) to interpret the effects of antidepressants on EEG sleep in terms of the physiological processes of sleep. 

MRI), but this has not been reported for participants who solely use cannabis on a regular chronic basis. A number of electroencephalogram (EEG) studies have found no differences between controls and chronic cannabis users for either awake or sleeping EEG patterns (Rodin et al., 1970 Stefanis et al., 1977). 

In REM sleep, there is a low-amplitude, mixed-frequency electroencephalogram, increased electric and metabolic activity, increased cerebral blood flow, muscle atonia, poikilothermia, vivid dreaming, and fluctuations in respiratory and cardiac rate. 

A relationship exists between EEG patterns and the level of vigilance and consciousness. The states of wakefulness and sleep are characterised by three physiological correlates brain wave activity (electroencephalogram, EEG), eye movements (electro-oculogram, EOG) and muscle tone (electromyogram,... 

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