Sizing for two-phase fluids

Sizing for two-phase fluids is done based on the procedure outlined in API RP 520. In this design, the physical parameters are to be established carefully, because a little change in the physical parameters may change the result substantially. In this design procedure, the following definitions are used  

Noncondensable gas This is a gas that is not easily condensed under normal pressure and temperature conditions. Common noncondensable gases are air, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, carbon dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and carbon monoxide. 

Highly subcooled liquid It is a liquid that does not flash after passing through the PRV. 

Nominal boiling range Nominal boiling range is the difference in the atmospheric boiling points of the lightest and heaviest components in the system. 

Low subcooling region This region is defined when the flashing occurs upstream of the throat. 

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To summarize, the field of single-point measurements continues to undergo rapid developments in all of its aspects and applications and will undoubtly continue to play an important role in the study of dispersed two-phase flow. Such developments are presented at regular conferences, such as the International Symposium on Application of Laser Techniques to Fluid Mechanics (Lisbon) and the Conference on Optical Particle Sizing. Moreover, international journals, such as Measurement Science and Technology, Particle and Particle Systems Characterization, and Experiments in Fluids are devoted to recent developments in measurement techniques for two-phase flows. 

For most applications of interest, including cells in aqueous solution, the acoustic force will act towards the pressure node however, in the case of bubbles that are smaller than resmiant size, and certain two-phase fluid mixtures, the bubble, or second phase fluid, will experience... 

A channel may behave as a microchannel for certain fluids and operating conditions and as a macrochannel for certain other conditions. Channel size can also be the distinguishing factor between macro- and microchannel flows. The boundary between macro- and microchannel flows is related to the ratio of bubble size to channel diameter for two-phase flows. The case with larger ratio between bubble size and channel size behaves more like a microchannel flow. 

At equilibrium, in order to achieve equality of chemical potentials, not only tire colloid but also tire polymer concentrations in tire different phases are different. We focus here on a theory tliat allows for tliis polymer partitioning [99]. Predictions for two polymer/colloid size ratios are shown in figure C2.6.10. A liquid phase is predicted to occur only when tire range of attractions is not too small compared to tire particle size, 5/a > 0.3. Under tliese conditions a phase behaviour is obtained tliat is similar to tliat of simple liquids, such as argon. Because of tire polymer partitioning, however, tliere is a tliree-phase triangle (ratlier tlian a triple point). For smaller polymer (narrower attractions), tire gas-liquid transition becomes metastable witli respect to tire fluid-crystal transition. These predictions were confinned experimentally [100]. The phase boundaries were predicted semi-quantitatively. 

Equation 6-108 is also a good approximation for a fluidized bed reactor up to the minimum fluidizing condition. However, beyond this range, fluid dynamic factors are more complex than for the packed bed reactor. Among the parameters that influence the AP in a fluidized bed reactor are the different types of two-phase flow, smooth fluidization, slugging or channeling, the particle size distribution, and the... 

The SFTR reaetor uses two immiseible fluid phases (gas or liquid) to ereate individual miero volumes of previously well-mixed reaetants. A statie mixer is plaeed upstream, whieh ensures effieient and reprodueible mixing of the reaetants before they enter the reaetor. The reaetor is believed to be potentially suitable for the foreed preeipitation of erystals where the mixing step is of major importanee in determining their ehemieal and physieal eharaeteristies. Instead of sealing up by inereasing vessel size, the SFTR is to be sealed out by replieation of similarly sized eonfigurations, as produetion demands. 

Liquid-Fluid Equilibria Nearly all binary liquid-fluid phase diagrams can be conveniently placed in one of six classes (Prausnitz, Licntenthaler, and de Azevedo, Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid Phase Blquilibria, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, Upper Saddle River, N.J., 1998). Two-phase regions are represented by an area and three-phase regions by a line. In class I, the two components are completely miscible, and a single critical mixture curve connects their criticsu points. Other classes may include intersections between three phase lines and critical curves. For a ternary wstem, the slopes of the tie lines (distribution coefficients) and the size of the two-phase region can vary significantly with pressure as well as temperature due to the compressibility of the solvent. 

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