Size reduction worked example

Wilson equation, activity coefficients, 374 Wilson-Lobb-Hottel eqiration, 214 application, 219 Winkler process 582 Wire mesh deentrainers, 615 calculation example, 620 disengaging space, 616 kev dimensions, 618 k-values, 615 pressure drop, 616 tvnical installations, 616 Work index, size reduction, 342 Wyssmont dryer, 237,251... 

This effect of particle size on dissolution rate of sparingly soluble drug substances has been demonstrated in many instances by the superior dissolution rates observed after size reduction. Examples of compounds studied in such work include methylprednisolone (Higuchi et al., 1963), l-isopropyl-7-methyl-4-phenylquinazolin-2(lH)-one (Kornblum and Hirschorn, 1970), griseofulvin (Ullah and Cadawader, 1971), monophenylbutazone (Habib and Attia, 1985), nitrofurantoin (Eyjolfsson, 1999), and piroxicam (Swanepoel et al., 2000). 

Electrodeposition of metals can be performed under different electrochemical modes. In the work mentioned in Ref. [18], it was performed in potentiostatic mode. The potential value for formation of platinum nanoparticles is —25 mV vs. SCE the deposition is performed from 2.5 mM solution of H2[PtCl6] in 50 mM KCl. The size of nanoparticles formed depends on the reduction charge. Continuous monitoring of the charge in potentiostatic mode is provided by different potentiostats, for example, by Autolab-PG-stat (EcoChemie, The Netherlands). Conditions for deposition of other metals should be selected according to their electrochemical properties. 

The studies discussed above deal with highly dispersed and therefore well-defined rhodium particles with which fundamental questions on particle shape, chemisorption and metal-support interactions can be addressed. Practical rhodium catalysts, for example those used in the three-way catalyst for reduction of NO by CO, have significantly larger particle sizes, however. In fact, large rhodium particles with diameters above 10 nm are much more active for the NO+CO reaction than the particles we discussed here, because of the large ensembles of Rh surface atoms needed for this reaction [28]. Such particles have also been extensively characterized with spectroscopic techniques and electron microscopy we mention in particular the work of Wong and McCabe [29] and Burkhardt and Schmidt [30], These studies deal with the materials science of rhodium catalysts that are closer to the ones used in practice, which is of great interest from an industrial point of view. 

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