Single molecule surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Blackie E, Le Ru EC, Meyer M, Timmer M, Burkett B, Northcote P, Etchegoin PG (2008) Bi-analyte SERS with isotopically edited dyes. Phys Chem Chem Phys 10(28) 4147 153 Dieringer JA, Lettan RB, Scheidt KA, Van Duyne RP (2007) A frequency domain existence proof of single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Am Chem Soc 129(51) 16249-16256... 

Vlckova B, Moskovits M, Pavel I, Siskova K, Sladkova M, Slouf M (2008) Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy from a molecularly-bridged silver nanoparticle dimer. Chem Phys Lett 455(4—6) 131-134... 

Moskovits M, Jeong DH, Livneh T, Wu YY, Stucky GD (2006) Engineering nanostructures for single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy Isr. J. Chem. 46 283-291. 

SMS-SERS Single molecule surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy... 

E.J. Blackie, E.C. Le Ru, P.G. Etchegoin, Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy of nonresonant molecules. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131, 14466 (2009)... 

Bjemeld E.J., Foldes-Papp Z., Kail M., Rigler R., Single-molecule surface-enhanced Raman and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy of horseradish peroxidase, J. Phys. Chem. B 2002 106 1213-1218. 

E.J. Bjerneld, Z. Foldes-Papp, M. Kail, and R. Rigler, Single-Molecule Surface-Enhanced Raman and Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy of Horseradish Peroxidase, J. Phys. Chem. B 106, 1213 (2002)... 

Pettinger, B., Picardi, G., Schuster, R. and Ertl, G. (2000) Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy towards single molecule spectroscopy. Electrochemistry, 68, 942-949. 

Since most biomolecules normally exhibit medium or low Raman cross sections, an enhancement of the signal intensity for the ability to characterize even low concentrations would be preferable. Besides the application of resonance Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a promising alternative. In doing so the vicinity of molecules to rough noble metal surfaces leads to Raman enhancement factors of 106-108 and even up to 1014 leading to a single molecule detection limit [9]. 

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) experiments on silver and gold nanoclusters have demonstrated large enhancement levels and field confinement of 5 nm or less for various samples such as single-walled carbon nanotubes.1 However, the locations of these conditions cannot be controlled but are instead determined by the specific nanostructures used. That is, the target molecules have... 

The extremely small cross sections for conventional Raman scattering, typically 10 111 to 10-25 cm2/molecule has in the past precluded the use of this technique for single-molecule detection and identification. Until recently, optical trace detection with single molecule sensitivity has been achieved mainly using laser-induced fluorescence [14], The fluorescence method provides ultrahigh sensitivity, but the amount of molecular information, particularly at room temperature, is very limited. Therefore, about 50 years after the discovery of the Raman effect, the novel phenomenon of dramatic Raman signal enhancement from molecules assembled on metallic nanostructures, known as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy or SERS, has led to ultrasensitive single-molecule detection. 

Zhang ZL, Yin YF, Jiang JW, Mo YJ (2009) Single molecule detection of 4-dimethylaminoazobenzene by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. J Mol Struct... 

Surprisingly, in the last 10 years, reports appeared on single-molecule detection by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy [6-8, 10, 13-15, 58-71]. Seemingly, the SERS process(es) can bridge the above-mentioned gap of about 12 orders of magnitude between the (normal) Raman and the fluorescence process. 

I. Delfino, A. R. Bizzarri, and S. Cannistraro, Single-Molecule Detection of Yeast Cytochrome C by Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, Biophys. Chem. 113, 41... 

In surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), increased Raman signals are observed from molecules attached to metallic clusters ranging in size of the order of tens of nanometres (a. 16). Enhancements as high as lO have been observed. These enhancement factors can lead to single-molecule Raman spectroscopy (a. 17). Using a Raman microscope the probe volume can be as small as 10 picolitres. Spectra can be measured with a one-second collection time. 

The surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy is a surface sensitive technique with a greatly enhanced signal by molecules adsorbed on rough metal surfaces the enhancement factor can be as much as 10 " -10, which permits this technique to be sensitive enough to detect single molecules. In most experiments the SERS... 

Nanoporous platforms recently have found utility in the fields of plasmonics and optical detection. Nanoporous gold fllms and metallic-coated nanopores - have been applied to techniques like surface-plasmon resonance (SPR) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Additionally, nanoporous metal has been demonstrated to enhance single-molecule fluorescence intensity of immobilized fluorophores due to the enhanced localized plasmon field present within the nanopores. Optically transparent alumina membranes have been developed and found utility as optical biosensors. Additionally, nanoporous gold has been demonstrated to optically detect Hg + ions at concentrations smaller than parts per trillion. A fiber-optic ultrasound generator has been developed from the excitation of gold nanopores with a nanosecond laser. ... 

Xu, H., Bjemeld, J., Kail, M. and Bdrjesson, L. (1999) Spectroscopy of single hemoglobin molecules by surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy. Physical Review Letters, 83,4357-60. 

A variation of Raman spectroscopy is surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) in which the target molecules are adsorbed onto a rough metal surface. The sensitivity enhancement by this technique can be as high as which means that even single molecules can be... 

Kneipp K, Wang Y, Kneipp H, Itzkan I, Dasari R R and Feld M S 1996 Approach to single molecule detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering ICORS 98 XVth Int. Conf on Raman Spectroscopy ed S A Asher and P B Stein (New York Wley) pp 636-7... 

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