Single layer cells

TIMP). Both factors reduce further degradation of connective tissue. The hepatocytes are now multilayered instead of normal single-layered cell plates and lose their microvilh. Fenestration of the sinusoids disappears, whereas the sinusoidal extracellular matrix increases, leading to capillarization of the sinusoids, (s. pp 406, 526) In this way, the distance between the hepatocytes and the blood becomes greater, and the clearance of macromolecular substances is reduced. Stronger flow resistance in the liver leads to portal hypertension. Portoportal and portocentral bands of connective tissue form, in which portosystemic intrahepatic shunts develop. 

Cell Membrane Layers of cell membrane affect absorption. Multilayer cell membrane slows absorption and single layer cell membrane increases absorption. 

Cell membrane Single layer cell membrane, such as those found in the intestine, increase absorption, while some dmgs are absorbed more slowly in multiple-layers, such as skin. 

Single layer cells are those where a 40 to 200 nm thick layer of organic electronic material is deposited between the two metallic conductors, in which transparent indium tin oxide (ITO) is the hole collector and a layer of AI, Mg or Ca is an electron collector. For example, poly(9,9 -dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole) (F8BT), poly(9,9 -dioctylfluorene-co-bis-A,A -(4-butyl-phenyl)-bis-A,A -phenyl-l,4-phenylenediamine) (PFB), and their blends were used as PV with the power conversion efficiency, PCE = 0.1-0.5%. ... 

This approach is reminiscent of Newnham s discussion [1961] of polymorphism in kaolin minerals, in which he pointed out that there should be two single-layer cells, kaolinite and its mirror image. These should, however, give identical X-ray patterns and would only be distinguishable by anomalous dispersion experiments, optical activity, or etch patterns, for example. 

Structure of nickel arsenide showing (a) 3 unit cells, (b) a single unit cell NiaAsa and its relation to (c) the unit cell of the layer lattice compound Cdia (see text). 

In two-component charge transfer systems, such as in the bulk-heterojuncdon solar cells presented here, deviations of the V,K. from the results of pristine single layer or bilayer devices are expected for two reasons first, some pan of the available difference in electrochemical energy is used internally by the charge transfer to a lower energetic position on the electron acceptor second, the relative posi-... 

Figure 16-41. Electrical characteristics lor single-layer ITO/Oocl-OI V.VAI devices with an as-deposited (O) or annealed (I20"C, 5 min 0) active layer. Inset luminance as a function of cell current for both thin-filin morphologies.

Graphite forms extended two-dimensional layers (see Fig. 5.22). (a) Draw the smallest possible rectangular unit cell for a layer of graphite, (b) How many carbon atoms are in your unit cell (c) What is the coordination number of carbon in a single layer of graphite ... 

Animal cell cultures that are initiated from cells removed directly from the animal are called primary cultures (Figure 2). Primary cultures include both explant cultures (i.e., cultures initiated from small pieces of intact tissue), as well as cultures initiated from preparations of individual or dispersed cells (obtained from intact tissue by mechanical or proteolytic dismption). Nerve fiber explant cultures in blood plasma were among the earliest types of tissue cultures (Harrison, 1907). Cells grow out from such tissue explants and form a single layer of cells completely filling the tissue culture vessel surface. Such cell cultures are called confluent monolayers. Confluent monolayers can then be treated with trypsin, so as to remove the individual cells from the culture vessel surface. The resulting cell suspension is then transferred into other culture containers, so that more viable monolayer... 

The lens is an avascular transparent tissue enveloped in the lens capsule, a basement membrane composed of type IV collagen (Harding and Crabbe, 1984). The single layer of epithelial cells under the anterior portion of the capsule divide throughout life, accumulate crystaUin... 

The mature vitreous contains a class of mononuclear phagocytic cells called hyalocytes (Balzas and Delinger, 1984). These cells are generally embedded in the vitreous humour 20-50 /tM away from the basal lamina, forming a single layer of scattered cells. In the developing eye they are located more centrally and are capable of synthesizing the main solid constituents of the vitreous gel. 

---