Electronic collector

Figure 2. Total ionization source of Rapp et al59 where F is the filament electron lenses are labeled 1, 2 and 3 guard plates G ion collector C1 and field plate C2 electron collector shield S electron collector cylinder T and electron collector plate P.

Figure 3. Total ionization source of Tate and Lozier70 where F is the filament L the electron lens K a cylindrical gauze defining an equipotential electron path G discs E ion collection cylinder D electrometer guard cylinder C shield T electron collection cylinder and P electron collector.

When the circuit containing the battery is closed, electrons from the oxidation of zinc flow from the negative terminal through the object being powered to the negative carbon rod that serves as an electron collector. Several reduction reactions occur at the collector one main reaction is represented earlier. The dry cell with the NH Cl electrolyte creates acidic conditions in the battery. The acid attacks the zinc, which accelerates its... 

Fig. 8. Cross section of the cylindrical condenser for measurements of the kinetic energies of the photoelectrons from gas molecules. 1—fluorescent layer for intensity measurements of the incident light 2—thick metallic cylinder with wrought semi-annular slits 3—Teflon insulator 4—cylindrical grid 5—electron collector 6—LiF window 7—diaphragm 8—shutter 9—exit slit of the vacuum monochromator.

Fig. 12. Spherical condenser for measurements of the photoelectron kinetic energy distribution from solids. 1—sample 2—LiF window 3—shutter 4—container of the monochromator exit slit 5—exit slit 6—electron collector 7—fluorescent layer 8—electrostatic screen photomultiplier for intensity measurements of the u.v. light on the left.

The PEVD system used in this investigation is schematically shown in Eigure 36. A Na -p/ P -alumina disc, 16 mm in diameter and 5 mm in thickness, was used as the solid electrolyte with a working electrode on one side and both counter and reference electrodes on the other. To simplify data interpretation, the same electrode material, a Pt thick film, was used for all three electrodes, so the measured potential difference could be directly related to the average inner potential difference between the working and reference electrode. In order to make good electrical and mechanical contact, Pt meshes, with spot-welded Pt wires, were sintered on the Pt thick films as electron collectors and suppliers. 

Fig. 1. Diagram of experimental tube. F is the gun filament C is the collimator of the gun M is the crystal mounting D is the shielding drum E is the electron collector L is the direction of the incident ultraviolet light W is a silica window attached to the Pyrex envelope with a graded seal. [From Farnsworth and Madden (27).]...

For the hydrogen evolution reaction on platinum, for example, k 10 A/cm, but on mercury, io A/cm. It is, in fact, these values of io that allow us to use platinum as the electron collector for a reversible hydrogen electrode and prevent our using mercury for this purpose. 

In a similar way, the sensitization of tubular titania structures could be equally promising, since the cylindrical geometiy of the Ti02 core may allow for the generation of the charge carriers at a short distance from the electron collector. 

Anode (controls electron energy) Electron beam Electron collector plate... 

The primary ion gun was operated at 5 kV at a current of 5 x 10 A, as measured using picoam-meter attached to a probe with an electron collector instead of a sample. Samples were irradiated for 0.9 s/scan, and 10 scans were collected and averaged. Depending on the persistence of the secondary ion signal, multiple experiments might be performed, but in all instances, the total primary ion dose to which the sample was exposed was 1 X 10 ions/cm, which is less than the commonly accepted static SIMS limit [11]. 

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