Simulation of fluidized beds

In RANS codes, the weak numerical coupling of the phases makes the EL method well suited for gas turbine computations, but RANS with the EE approach may also be found for example in simulations of fluidized beds [277 335] or chemical reactors [284 272 289], two examples of two-phase flows with a high load of particles. The experience gained in the development of RANS has led to the conclusions that both approaches are useful and they are both found today in most commercial codes. Moreover, coupling strategies between EE and EL methods within the same application are considered for certain cases. In the framework of LES of gas turbines, it is interesting to compare again EL with EE formulations. 

A computer model has been developed to provide numerical simulations of fluidized bed coal gasification reactors and to yield detailed descriptions, in space and time, of the coupled chemistry, particle dynamics and gas flows within the reactor vessels. Time histories and spatial distributions of the important process variables are explicitly described by the model. With this simulation one is able to predict the formation and rise of gas bubbles, the transient and quasi-steady temperature and gas composition, and the conversion of carbon throughout the reactor. 

Ichiki, K., and Hayakawa, H., Dynamical simulation of fluidized beds Hydrodynamically interacting granular particles. Phys. Rev. E 52(1), 658 (1995). 

Samuelsberg, A.E. (1994), Modeling and simulation of fluidized bed reactors, PhD Thesis, University of Trondheim, Norway. 

It must be noted here that most industrial fluidized bed reactors operate in a turbulent flow regime. Trajectory simulations of individual particles in a turbulent field may become quite complicated and time consuming. Details of models used to account for the influence of turbulence on particle trajectories are discussed in Chapter 4. These complications and constraints on available computational resources may restrict the number of particles considered in DPM simulations. Eulerian-Eulerian approaches based on the kinetic theory of granular flows may be more suitable to model such cases. Application of this approach to simulations of fluidized beds is discussed below. 

Syamlal, M. (1998), Higher order discretization methods for the numerical simulation of fluidized beds, AIChE Symposium Series, No. 318, 94, 53-57. 

From the standpoint of attempting to develop mathematical models for the simulation of fluidized-bed reactors, one must determine if the phenomena mentioned above and other aspects of the behavior of finidized beds can... 

C. Strumillo, S. Grabowski, W. Kaminski, and I. Zbicinski, Simulation of fluidized Bed drying of biosynthesis products. Chemical Engineering Process, 26, 139-145 (1989). 

Wang, X., Jin, B., Zhong, W. (2009). Three-dimensional simulation of fluidized bed coal gasification. Chemical Engineering and Processing, 48, 695—705. 

Dynamic Model for the Catalyst Pellet Mathematical Modeling and Simulation of Fluidized-Bed Reactors... 

Zhang K, Cheng Y, Li X Simulation of fluidized bed reactor form methanol to olefins (MTO) process, J Chem Eng Chin Univ 26 69—76, 2012. 

Mori S, Wen CY. Simulation of fluidized bed reactor performance by modified bubble assemblage model. In Keairns DL, ed. Fluidization Technology, Vol 1. Washington DC Hemisphere, 1976, pp 179-203. 

Terrazas-Vdarde, K., 2010. Monte Carlo simulation of fluidized bed spray ag meration. Diss., Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Germany. 

De Souza-Santos, M. (1989) Comprehensive modelling and simulation of fluidized bed boilers and gasifiers. Fuel, 68 (12), 1507 1521. 

Kaneko, Y., Shiojima, T. and Horio, M., DEM simulation of fluidized beds for gas-phase olefin polymerization. Chem. Engng. Sci., 54, 5809-5821,1999. 

Xie J, Zhong WQ, Jin BS, Shao YJ, Huang YJ Eulerian—Lagrangian method for three-dimensional simulation of fluidized bed coal gasification, Adv Powder Technol 24 382-392, 2013. 

Di Maio PP, Di Renzo A, Trevisan D Comparison of heat transfer models in DEM-CFD simulations of fluidized beds with an immersed probe. Powder Technol 193 257—265, 2009. 

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