Fluidization technology

For details beyond the scope of this subsection, reference should be made to Kunii and Levenspiel, Fluidization Engineering, 2d ed., But-terworth Heinemann, Boston, 1991 Pell, Gas Fluidization, Elsevier, New York, 1990 D. Geldart (ed.). Gas Fluidization Technology, Whey, New York, 1986 and the vast number of papers published in periodicals, transcripts of symposia, and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers symposium series. 

Broadhurst, T. W., and Becker, H. A., Measurement and Spectral Analysis of Pressure Fluctuations in Slugging Beds, Fluidization Technology, Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, New York, 1 63 (1976)... 

Kato, K., Shirota, Y., and Ito, U., Screening of Particles by a Packed Fluidized Particle Classifier, in Fluidization Technology, (D. L. Keaims, ed.), Hemisphere Publishing Corporation, Washington, 11 215. (1976)... 

The assessment of attrition is mainly based on the examination of the behavior of a group of particles. In fluidization technology the total or overall attrition rate Ratot is commonly defined by the relative change of bed weight, Wbed, with time,... 

The most commonly used philosophy is to design a test facility that simulates the relevant process stress. Examples of such test facilities are the various jet attrition test devices which are used in fluidization technology. 

Most processes employing fluidization technology are concerned with gas/solid systems. We are so accustomed to the bubbling phenomenon of such systems that we often lose sight of other less common yet nonbubbling systems or fail to assess the consequences of the suppression of bubbles in gas/solid systems (Kwauk, 1992). 

Mortensen S. and Hovmand S. in Fluidization Technology, Volume II, Keairns D. L. (ed.) page 519. Particle formation and agglomeration in a spray granulator. (Hemisphere, Washington, 1976). 

KEAIRNS, D. L. (ed.) Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems. A.I.Ch.E. Symposium Series 70 No 141 (1974). KEAIRNS, D. L. (ed.) Fluidization Technology. Proc. Int. Fluidisation Conf., Pacific Grove, California, 1975. KUNII, D. and Levenspiel, O. Fluidization Engineering, 2nd edn. (Butterworth-Heinemann, 1991). 

Gluckman, M.J., Yerushalmi, J. and Squires, A.M., Defluidisation characteristics of sticky or agglomerating beds, in Keairns, D.L., (ed.). Fluidization technology volume 2. Proceedings of an International Gonference on Fluidization, Pacific Grove, California, 1975. Hemisphere, New York, 1976, 395-422. 

D. Geldart, Gas Fluidization Technology, John Wiley, New York, 1986. 

Knowlton, T. M. (1986). Solids Transfer in Fluidized Systems. In Gas Fluidization Technology. 

Geldart, D. (1986). Gas Fluidization Technology. New York John Wiley Sons. 

The two-phase theory of fluidization has been extensively used to describe fluidization (e.g., see Kunii and Levenspiel, Fluidization Engineering, 2d ed., Wiley, 1990). The fluidized bed is assumed to contain a bubble and an emulsion phase. The bubble phase may be modeled by a plug flow (or dispersion) model, and the emulsion phase is assumed to be well mixed and may be modeled as a CSTR. Correlations for the size of the bubbles and the heat and mass transport from the bubbles to the emulsion phase are available in Sec. 17 of this Handbook and in textbooks on the subject. Davidson and Harrison (Fluidization, 2d ed., Academic Press, 1985), Geldart (Gas Fluidization Technology, Wiley, 1986), Kunii and Levenspiel (Fluidization Engineering, Wiley, 1969), and Zenz (Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems, Pemm-Corp Publications, 1989) are good reference books. 

What follows is a survey of the fluid-mechanical principles of fluidization technology, gas and solid mixing, gas-solid contact in the fluidized bed, typical industrial applications, and approaches to modeling fluidized-bed reactors. Further information is given in... 

J R Grace in Gas Fluidization Technology (Ed D Gel-dart) Wiley Chichester, 1986, pp 285-340... 

Krupp, H., Particle Adhesion Theory and Experiment, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 1,111 (1967). Kwauk, M., Application of Fluidization Technology in Chemical Metallurgy (in Chinese). Science Press, Beijing, 1958. 

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