Simulated body fluid solution

Results were obtained on the calcium phosphate growth on phosphory-lated chitin fibres using the urea/H3P04 method and subsequently soaked in saturated Ca(OH)2 solution and in simulated body fluid solution. 

Uchida, M., Kim, H.-M.Miyaji, F. Kokubo, T. and Nakamura, T. (2001) Bonelike apatite formation induced on zirconia gel in a simulated body fluid and its modified solutions. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 84, 2041-2044. 

Systemic injection (acute toxicity) is designed to determine the biological response to a single intravenous or intraperitoneal injection of an extract (50mg/kg) of a material over a 72-hour time period (35). Extracts are prepared using saline or other solutions that simulate body fluids. Animals are monitored for signs of toxicity immediately after injection and at various time intervals (1). 

Cerutti, M.G. (2004) Characterization of bioactive glasses. Effect of the immersion in solutions that simulate body fluids. PhD Dissertation. University of Turin, Italy. 

Tas, A.C. and Bhaduri, S.B. (2004) Rapid coating of Ti6A14V at room temperature with a calcium phosphate solution similar to lOx simulated body fluid. J. Mater. Res., 19 (9), 2742-2749. 

The average grainsize was determinedby means ofthe Sherrer s formula. Moreover, the nanopowders were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM 2010, JEOL). For the TEM studies the powders were dispersed in distilled water and a drop of suspension was placed on a copper grid with a transparent polymer and dried. Elemental analysis was performed by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) spectrometer, (Spectroflame Modula, Spectro). The in vitro test were performed leaving the nanopowders for 30 days in three different solutions distilled water, SBF (simulated body fluid [17]) and SBF added of citric acid (0.08 M), at 60°C. This temperature was chosen to better evaluate the powder behaviour under the most extreme conditions. 

In the next step, it is necessary to observe enzymatic degradation of PHB under the conditions that modeled the animal tissues and body fluids containing nonspecific esterases. In vitro degradation of PHB films in the presence of various lipases as nonspecific esterases was carried out in buffered solutions containing lipases [18, 49-50], in digestive juices (for example, pancreatin) [14], simulated body fluid [51] biological media... 

The liquid consists of water containing calcium chloride and an unspecified water soluble polymer. Calcium chloride acts as an accelerator in the hydration processes of the tricalcium silicate substance [78], It forms an acidic solution in water, and its reaction with calcium carbonate, which is basic, also helps to speed up the setting reaction. The overall effect of these components is that Biodentine sets in 9-12min, which is much faster than MTA materials based on unmodified calcium silicates [79], The set material has been shown to release calcium ions into aqueous solution [63,80] and this stimulates the deposition of hydroxyapatite in contact with simulated body fluid [81,82],... 

Hydrogels of CNCs have many desirable properties, including low cost, nontoxicity, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, all of which contribute to their potential applications in bioengineering and biomedicine. For example, CNC dispersed in a solution of cellulose, sodium hydroxide, and urea formed a gel that steadily released bovine semm albumin into a simulated body fluid [161]. Nanocomposites of CNC and poly(vinyl alcohol), a hydrophilic biocompatible polymer, exhibited a broad range of mechanical properties that could be tuned to mimic those of cardiovascular tissues and, therefore, have potential applications as cardiovascular implants [162]. 

In this study, dilute solution of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with calcium, orthophosphate (HP04 ), or ferric ions were electrospun to provide e-spun PVA mats, for which a few post treatments such as exposure to ammonia, tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and glutaraldehyde vapor, and soaking in Kokubo s simulated body fluid (SBF). ... 

SBF Simulated body fluid. An acellular aqueous solution with inorganic ion composition... 

PLLA/hydroxyapatite 37 Simulated body fluid, phosphate-buffered solution (pH 7.3, 7.4) Solid [258, 259]... 

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