Similarity cobalt-based

Using a similar procedure, based on the thermal decomposition of a metal-surfactant complex followed by mild oxidation, we synthesized highly crystalline and monodisperse nanocrystals of cobalt ferrite (CoFc204), manganese ferrite (MnFe204) MnO, and Ni [5]. 

Economics. Comparison of the material and energy balance for our process and the cobalt-based BASF higher olefin process (8), we foimd that our process reduced the capital investment required by over 50% due to the fact that we require far fewer unit operations, and because the operating pressure is much lower. In sutmnary, the thermomorphic solution developed by TDA allows easy catalyst recycle, which, when coupled with the lower pressure operation possible with Rh catalysts (compared to the cobalt-based process) lowers both capital and operating costs for current oxidation (oxo) plants of similar capacity. 

FT is most compatible with existing distribution for conventional diesel and only minimal adjustments are required to obtain optimal performance from existing diesel engines. Physical properties of FT are very similar to No. 2 diesel fuel, and its chemical properties are superior in that the FT process yields middle distillates that, if correctly processed (as through a cobalt-based catalyst), contain no aromatics or sulfur compounds. 

Nanosecond time-resolved experiments allowed for the rationalization of the lower efficiency of the cobalt-based couples with respect to iodide/iodine and for the clarification of their structure-dependent performance. Figure 17.23a shows the decay of the photogenerated N3 dye cation, observed at 480 nm in the presence of Co (DTB)32 + 0.1M and AI0.1M in both cases, 2/ of about 0.35 /rs indicates that dye regeneration by iodide and by Co(II) occurs at a very similar rate. Upon Li+... 

Bis(l,2-diaminoethane)copper(II) perchlorate undergoes reaction with acetone to give the quinquedentate complex (43), which is converted to the macrocyclic complex (44) on addition of base, usually excess 1,2-diaminoethane (Scheme 8).86 Similar cobalt(I3) complexes cannot be prepared by metal template methods. 

Catalysts of commercial significance are either iron-based or cobalt-based. Iron-based catalysts are typically not supported, whereas cobalt-based catalysts are usually supported on alumina, silica, or a similar material. The three-phase low-temperature Fischer-Tropsch (LTFT) technology can be operated in either... 

The alternative processes include cobalt-catalyzed hydroformylation and similar rhodium-based processes. Hydroformylation with cobalt requires much higher temperatures (140-170°C) and pressures (70-200 bar). The activity ratio of rhodium and cobalt may be of the order of 1000 but the costs of the metals... 

In this chapter we will discuss efforts at extending the early work. The catalyst used by us was similar to the alkalized cobalt-based catalyst described by Myddleton (3). Our objective was to ascertain, by obtaining detailed analysis of products, how the presence of sulfur could change hydrocarbon selectivity. Furthermore, we wished to study the effect of sulfur on the production of gaseous olefins. 

Cobalt macrocychc, or pseudo-macrocyclic, complexes have proven among the most widespread cobalt-based proton reduction catalysts. For example, Fisher and Eisenberg demonstrated in 1980 that some cobalt tetraazamacrocyclic complexes are active in both CO2 and reduction [75]. Similarly, porphyrins have been extensively investigated. Nocera and coworkers showed that cobalt(II) hangman porphyrins can catalyze proton reduction with less overpotential and weaker acids than their standard porphyrin cousins (Fig. 13d) [85, 86]. Both features are thought to be a result of the enhanced proton donation by the carboxylic acid of the hangman substituent. Bren and coworkers showed that the biologically derived cobalt-substituted microperoxidase-11 is stable with a turnover number of 25,000, but the catalytic rate is relatively low at 6.7 s [87]. 

Being less plentiful and more expensive than nickel, cobalt is usually alloyed with chromium for applications where the alloys have practical advantages over similar nickel- or iron-base alloys. The cobalt-base alloys, for example, are better resistant to fretting corrosion, to erosion by high-velocity hquids, and to cavitation damage. 

The basic principles and processes of cell design and fabrication are well known and quite similar among cell manufacturers. The International Electrotechnical Commission (lEC) has established a common nomenclature for describing the various cell sizes and chemistry. For example, the most common cylindrical Li-ion cell ICR18650 translates into I is for Li-ion technology, C for cobalt-based cathode, R is for a round cell, 18 is for the cell diameter in millimeters, and 650 is for the cell height in tenths of a millimeter. 

Iron- and cobalt-based catalysts " " have been reported to be active for the polymerization of norbornene, especially when activated with MAO. Similar to the case of many nickel and palladium catalysts, PNBs generated with simple salts such as cobalt neodecanoate are similar to PNBs prepared with ligand-bearing catalysts (e.g., Brookhart-Gibson type pyridyldiimine cobalt catalysts). 

Cobalt is a metal with magnetic properties similar to those of iron. Its salts give glass a beautiful deep-blue colon Cobalt-based alloys have long been used in the manufacturing industry. An addition of 20% cobalt to chromium-nickel-based alloys, used for turbine blades and burner lines in aircraft engines, improves the high-temperature properties. Cobalt powder is an important component in cemented carbides (hard metals). Cobalt is also an essential element for life and important for humans and animals. It is present mainly in the form of vitamin Bjj. The artificially produced isotope Co is used as a source of intense g-radiation. It is used in industry and in radioisotope therapy. 

Three types of metals are used exclusively stainless steels, nickel-chromium-iron alloys and, to a limited extent, cobalt-based alloys. These materials have provided many years of successfiil operation in similar control rod drive mechanisms. In the case of stainless steels, only austenitic and austenitic stainless steels are used. Where low or zero cobalt alloys are substituted for cobalt-based alloy pins, bars, or hard facing, Ihe substitute material is qualified by evaluation or test. The materials used for reactor internals are chosen to be compatible with the primary coolant chemistry and, as far as is possible, to be free from elements such as carbon or cobalt, which are prone to activation. Full details of the materials used, as well as the controls on fabrication, are provided in Section 4.5 of Reference 6.1. 

There are at least four compositions of cobalt-base alloys in use which are similarly designated by code numbers such as F75, F90, F562, and F563. Again, these differ in the relative composition of the following elements manganese, silicon, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, carbon, iron, phosphorus, sulfur, tungsten, titanium, and cobalt. These alloys are used because of their superior... 

---