Silver synthesis

Schmidbaur, H. Grohmann, A. Olmos, M. E. Schier, A. The Chemistry of Organic Derivatives of Gold and Silver. Synthesis and Uses of Organogold Compounds, Wiley, Chichester, 1999. 

Sun, Y. and Xia, Y. (2003). Triangular nanoplates of silver Synthesis, characterization, and use as sacrificial templates for generating triangular nanorings of gold. Adv. Mater. 15 695-699. 

Whitlock, H. W., P. B. Reichardt, and F. M. Silver Synthesis and Solvolytic Rearrangement of Epimeric 4-Methanesulfonyloxy-4a-methyl- ra .y-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,1 Oa-octahydrophenanthrene and Their 7-Methoxy and 1,1-Dimethyl Derivatives. Confor-mationally Rigid Homobenzylic Systems. J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 93, 485 (1971). 

Manna A et al 1997 Synthesis and oharaoterization of hydrophobio, approtioally-dispersible silver nanopartioles in Winsor Type II mioroemulsions Chem. Mater. 9 3032... 

Taleb A, Petit C and Pileni M P 1997 Synthesis of highly monodisperse silver nanopartioles from AOT reverse mioelles a way to 2D and 3D self-organization Chem. Mater. 9 950... 

Nitroethane and 1-(3,4 methylenedioxy) 2- nitropropane This method of producing the above mentioned nitro compounds is by far the best Ritter has come across yet The problem with standard nitroethane synthesis is that the -NO2 source most commonly used is silver nitrite (a la Merck Index citing). Needless to say, this is going to be an expensive compound to make as it is not available commercially but must be synthesized from costly silver nitrate. The other methods mentioned in Vogels 5th masterpiece... 

The synthesis of cubane has been outlined on p. 78. Cuneiform cuneanes are formed by silver(l)-catalyzed isomerization of cubanes in almost quantitative yield. Rhodium(I), on the other hand, effects isomerization of cubane to a syn-tricyclooctadiene (L. Cassar, 1970). 

Ethers are formed under conditions of the Williamson ether synthesis Methyl ethers of carbohydrates are efficiently prepared by alkylation with methyl iodide m the presence of silver oxide... 

The silver fluorocomplexes, ie, silver hexafluoroantimonate [26042-64-8], AgSbF silver hexafluorophosphate [26042-63-7], AgPF silver tetrafluoroborate [14104-20-2], AgBF and other salts such as silver trifluoromethane sulfonate [2923-28-6], CF SO Ag, and silver trifluoroacetate [2966-50-9], CF COOAg, play an important role in the synthesis of organic compounds and have gained potential industrial importance. 

These compounds perform a dual function in synthesis procedures. The introduction of a complex anion assists in the stabilization of the desired product and the generation of unique intermediates by chloride displacement, eg, silver hexafluorophosphate, AgPF, forms adducts with neutral diamagnetic organometaHics which can act as controUed sources of highly reactive cations (29). Silver hexafluoroantimonate, AgSbF, is an electrophilic... 

Silver fluorocomplexes are also used ia the separation of olefin—paraffin mixtures (33), nitration (qv) of aromatic compounds (34), ia the synthesis of (9-bridged bicycHcs (35), pyrroles (36), cyclo-addition of vinylbromides to olefins (37), and ia the generation of thioben2oyl cations (38). 

Another synthesis of pyrogaHol is hydrolysis of cyclohexane-l,2,3-trione-l,3-dioxime derived from cyclohexanone and sodium nitrite (16). The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane-1,2,3-triol over platinum-group metal catalysts has been reported (17) (see Platinum-GROUP metals). Other catalysts, such as nickel, rhenium, and silver, have also been claimed for this reaction (18). 

Isoquinoline reacts with aliphatic carboxylic acids photolyticaHy or with a silver catalyst to give excellent yields of alkylation products by decarboxylation (155). This method is useful in the synthesis of 2-benzoyhsoquinolines bearing a variety of aromatic substituents in the 1-position (156). 

Synthesis by oxidation remains the first choice for commercial and laboratory preparation of quinones the starting material (1) provided the generic name quinone. This simple, descriptive nomenclature has been abandoned by Chemicaly hstracts, but remains widely used (2). The systematic name for (2) is 2,5-cyclohexadiene-l,4-dione. Several examples of quinone synonyms are given in Table 1. Common names are used in this article. 1,2-Benzoquinone (3,5-cydohexadiene-l,2-dione) (3) is also prepared by oxidation, often with freshly prepared silver oxide (3). Compounds related to (3) must be prepared using mild conditions because of their great sensitivity to both electrophiles and nucleophiles (4,5). 

Catalysts. Silver and silver compounds are widely used in research and industry as catalysts for oxidation, reduction, and polymerization reactions. Silver nitrate has been reported as a catalyst for the preparation of propylene oxide (qv) from propylene (qv) (58), and silver acetate has been reported as being a suitable catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide (qv) from ethylene (qv) (59). The solubiUty of silver perchlorate in organic solvents makes it a possible catalyst for polymerization reactions, such as the production of butyl acrylate polymers in dimethylformamide (60) or the polymerization of methacrylamide (61). Similarly, the solubiUty of silver tetrafiuoroborate in organic solvents has enhanced its use in the synthesis of 3-pyrrolines by the cyclization of aHenic amines (62). 

Hydrogenation of Acetylenes. Complete hydrogenation of acetylenes to the corresponding alkanes, which maybe requited to remove acetylenic species from a mixture, or as a part of a multistep synthesis, may be accompHshed using <5 wt % palladium or platinum on alumina in a nonreactive solvent under very mild conditions, ie, <100°C, <1 MPa (10 atm). Platinum is preferred in those cases where it is desired to avoid isomeri2ation of the intermediate olefin. Silver on alumina also can be used in this appHcation as can unsupported platinum metal. 

Indole, 3-(dialkylaminomethyl-) alkylation, 4, 275 Indole, 2,3-dibromo-synthesis, 4, 215 Indole, 2,6-dibromo-3-methyl-synthesis, 4, 215 Indole, 1,3-dichloro-synthesis, 4, 214 Indole, dihydrodehydrogenation, 4, 283, 311 in non-silver photography, 1, 383 Indole, 2,3-dihydro-synthesis, 4, 327, 352 Indole, 2,3-dihydroxy-tautomerism, 4, 37, 199 Indole, 4,6-dimethoxy-... 

IsoxazoIe-3-carboxyIic acid, 5-phenyI-silver salt reactions, 6, 52 synthesis, 6, 85 IsoxazoIe-4-carboxyIic acid esters... 

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