Silicon nitride synthesis

Lin DC, Kimura S (1996) Kinetics of silicon monoxide ammonolysis for nanophase silicon nitride synthesis. J Am Ceram Soc 79 2947-2955... 

Hussain, T., and Ibberson, V., Synthesis of Ultrafme Silicon Nitride in an RF Plasma Reactor, in Advances in Low-Temperature Plasma Chemistry, Technology, Applications, 2 71-77, (H. Boenig, ed), Technomic, Lancaster (1984)... 

Bauer,R., Smulders,R, Geus,E., vanderPut, J., and Schoomman, J., Laser Vapor Phase Synthesis of Submicron Silicon and Silicon Nitride Powders from Halogenated Silanes, Ceram. Eng. Sci. Proc., 9(7-8) 949-956(1988)... 

Organometallic polymer precursors offer the potential to manufacture shaped forms of advanced ceramic materials using low temperature processing. Polysilazanes, compounds containing Si-N bonds in the polymer backbone, can be used as precursors to silicon nitride containing ceramic materials. This chapter provides an overview of the general synthetic approaches to polysilazanes with particular emphasis on the synthesis of preceramic polysilazanes. 

Table 8.1.5 Processing Conditions for the Synthesis of Silicon Nitride UFPs by an Inductively Coupled RF-Plasma Torch Reactor...

Figure 8.1.12 shows a schematic illustration of laser-induced CVC (63). For the synthesis of silicon nitride, the reaction between silane (SiH,) and ammonia... 

A less explored area of transition metal catalysis involves bond formation between Group 14 elements and nitrogen. In direct analogy to previously discussed areas of research, silicon-nitrogen bonds can be formed by dehydrocoupling, hydrosilylation, and dehydrogenative silylation. The compounds produced are valuable for use in organic synthesis or as polymer precursors to silicon nitride ceramics. 

In the following sections some examples are given of the ways in which these principles have been utilized. The first example is the use of these techniques for the low temperature preparation of oxide ceramics such as silica. This process can also be used to produce alumina, titanium oxide, or other metal oxides. The second example describes the conversion of organic polymers to carbon fiber, a process that was probably the inspiration for the later development of routes to a range of non-oxide ceramics. Following this are brief reviews of processes that lead to the formation of silicon carbide, silicon nitride, boron nitride, and aluminum nitride, plus an introduction to the synthesis of other ceramics such as phosphorus nitride, nitrogen-phosphorus-boron materials, and an example of a transition metal-containing ceramic material. 

All silicon nitride ceramics are derived from synthetic materials, exclusively. The first report on the synthesis of Si3N4 was in 1859 by Sainte-Claire Deville and Wohler [3]. Among the problems of greatest concern to chemists in those days was the utilisation of atmospheric nitrogen for agricultural and industrial purposes. In particular, there was a need for a highly effective... 

Cochran GA, Conner CL, Eismann GA, Weimer AW, Carroll DF, Dunmead SD, Hwang CJ (1994) The Synthesis of a High Quality, Low Cost Silicon Nitride Powder by the Carbothermal Reduction of Silica. In Hoffmann MJ, Becher PF, Petzow G (eds) Silicon Nitride 93. Key Eng Mater 89-91. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, Switzerland, p 3... 

Kubo N, Futaki S, Shiraishi K (1987) Synthesis of ultrafine Si3N4 powder using the plasma process and powder characterisation. In Somiya S, Mitomo M, Yoshimura M (eds) Silicon Nitride I. Elsevier, London, p 93... 

Organometallic precursors are used in the synthesis of a variety of semiconducting materials and superconducting cuprates. Organoaluminium silicate precursors have been used for the synthesis of aluminosilicates [25], while polymeric methylsilyl-amines have been used to obtain SiC-Si3N4 fibres [26], Silicon nitride can also be made using organometallic precursors. 

Gundiah. G.. Madhav. G. V. Govindaraj. A. Rao, C. N. R. Synthesis and characterization of silicon carbide, silicon oxynitride and silicon nitride nanowires. J. Mater. Chem. 2002 12. 1606-1611. 

SCHEME 18.14 Synthesis of processable precursors to phase-pure silicon nitride by ammonolysis of dichlorosilane and subsequent cross-bnking ([cat.] = catalyst). ... 

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