Silicon, Germanium, and Tin

Knabel, I. Krossing, H. N5th, H. Schwenk-Kircher, M. Schmidt-Amelunxen, and T. Seifert, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 1998,1095. 

Stender, U. Segerer, J. Sieler, and E. Hey-Hawkins, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem., 1998, 624, 85. 

EXSY NMR spectroscopy to undergo 1,5-shifts. Silatropic rearrangements of tetrahydro-4,4,8,8-Me4-4,8-disila-5ym-indacene have been established using 

Si( D2) has been detected following photoexcitation of SiH2 into high bending vibrational levels of the state.Some 

That it is this group exclusively which migrates, may reflect vertical charge stabilisation by the donating effect of the Si-Si ff-electrons to the vacant p-orbitals of the silylcarbenes. 

Absolute rate constants have been measured for silylone reactions with hydrocarbons ah .98 K and these show that si lyl ene reacts rapidly but unselective.ly with unsaturated hydrocarbons however, si lyl ene is unreactive towards al kanes- Dimethylsilylene has been produced by y-irradiation of benzene solutions of dodecamethylcyclohexasilane. Relative rate constants for the reactions of methylphenylsilylene generated by photolysis of the Si-bridged arene ( .) with KhOH, Kt-3SiH, and 

3- dimethylbuta-l,3-diene, have been published. Related 

3- diniethylbuta-l,3-dlene gives a mixture of products which arises from the intermediacy of cyclopropylphenylsi1ylene.  

---

The oxidation state -1-4 is predominantly covalent and the stability of compounds with this oxidation state generally decreases with increasing atomic size (Figure 8.1). It is the most stable oxidation state for silicon, germanium and tin, but for lead the oxidation state +4 is found to be less stable than oxidation state +2 and hence lead(IV) compounds have oxidising properties (for example, see p. 194). 

Thus we have shown that when s and p orbitals are available and s—p quantization is broken an atom can form four (or fewer) equivalent bonds which are directed towards tetrahedron corners. To the approximation involved in these calculations the strength of a bond is independent of the nature of other bonds. This result gives us at once the justification for the tetrahedral carbon atom and other tetrahedral atoms, such as silicon, germanium, and tin in the diamond-type crystals of the elements and, in general, all atoms in tetrahedral structures. 

Fig. 4.—Radial distribution curves for carbon and silicon tetrafluorides and silicon, germanium and tin tetrachloride.

Silicon-, Germanium-, and Tin-Centered Cations, Radicals, and Anions ... 

SILICON-, GERMANIUM-, AND TIN-CENTERED CATIONS, RADICALS, AND ANIONS... 

Such is the richness and intellectual vibrancy of the field of RI chemistry that an additional book was needed to cover silicon, germanium and tin centered RFs, as well as tetrahedral intermediates and topics of increasing importance such as quantum mechanical tunelling, conical intersections, solid-state chemistry, and combustion chemistry. These topics are covered in this new book. 

The structures of diamond, silicon, germanium and tin are discussed in Chapter 12. 

Sekiguchi, Akira, and Sakurai, Hideki, Cage and Cluster Compounds of Silicon, Germanium, and Tin. 37 1... 

The method of migration polymerization (polyaddition reaction) finds extensive application in the production of silicon-, germanium- and tin-containing hetero-organic polymers 97). 

---