Siemens, Philip

MDS N CR, Beddoes, Description, Dec. 1, 1980. Varian was still leading the acceletator business, followed by Siemens, Philips, CGR MeV, and RCC, which had about 8 per cent of the market. Picker, Philips, and Siemens were still in the simulator business, while Philips, Artontx, and ARC (Emiplan) competed against RCC s therapy-planning products. 

This last episode points to the major role, for a period, of industrial laboratories such as the giant Philips (Netherlands), GE (USA) and Siemens (Germany)... 

XRF nowadays provides accurate concentration data at major and low trace levels for nearly all the elements in a wide variety of materials. Hardware and software advances enable on-line application of the fundamental approach in either classical or influence coefficient algorithms for the correction of absorption and enhancement effects. Vendors software packages, such as QuantAS (ARL), SSQ (Siemens), X40, IQ+ and SuperQ (Philips), are precalibrated analytical programs, allowing semiquantitative to quantitative analysis for elements in any type of (unknown) material measured on a specific X-ray spectrometer without standards or specific calibrations. The basis is the fundamental parameter method for calculation of correction coefficients for matrix elements (inter-element influences) from fundamental physical values such as absorption and secondary fluorescence. UniQuant (ODS) calibrates instrumental sensitivity factors (k values) for 79 elements with a set of standards of the pure element. In this approach to inter-element effects, it is not necessary to determine a calibration curve for each element in a matrix. Calibration of k values with pure standards may still lead to systematic errors for unknown polymer samples. UniQuant provides semiquantitative XRF analysis [242]. 

A Siemens Kratky camera system was utilized for small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements in conjunction with an M. Braun position sensitive detector from Innovative Technology Inc.. Wide angle x-ray diffraction was obtained utilizing a Philips table-top x-ray generator. 

All preparations were structurally characterized by means of XRD (Siemens 5005). TEM imaging was performed with a Philips CM200 instrument. 27A1 and 29Si MAS NMR (Broker 500 MFlz and 360 MFlz respectively) was used to study the microporous phase and the kinetic of its formation. The relaxation delays were 0.2s and 200s respectively. Acidity was determined by the adsorption of carbon monoxide after activating the samples in vacuum (10 6 mbar) at 450°C for 1 h. The spectra were recorded on a Equinox 55 Broker spectrometer with a resolution of 2 cm 1 and normalized to 10 mg of sample. 

Phase purity and crystallinity of the obtained zeolites were characterized using XRD (Siemens 5005). The morphology and crystal size were determined using SEM (Philips... 

Competition in the healthcare market was also changing. Before the nineties there were several medical equipment providers, but cost pressure and declining sales forced several competitors to close or to be acquired by the larger companies. Competition was intense during this period and three major players ultimately emerged Siemens, General Electric, and Philips. 

Figure 13.9—Schematic of a sequential, crystal-based spectrometer and the spectrum obtained using the sequential method with an instrument having a goniometer. The Soller slit collimator, made of metallic parallel sheets, collimates the primary X-ray beam emitted by a high power source (SRS 300 instrument, reproduced by permission of Siemens). A typical spectrum of an alloy, obtained by an instrument of this category, having an LiF crystal (200) with 26 angle in degrees as the abscissa and intensity in Cps as the ordinate). Model Philips PW2400 Spectrum, reproduced with permission of VALDI-France.

ADM connect ADM connect, (2005), RMSKempten, Kaufbeurer Str. 4, D 87437 Kempten, Germany Many different brands including Philips, PANalytical, Siemens, Bruker, ENRAF (including CPS 120)... 

Bruker/Siemens RAW (versions 1 3), Philips RD, Scintag ARD, Sietronics CPI, Riet7 DAT, DBWS, GSAS (CW STD), Jade MDI, Rigaku RIG, Philips... 

UDF, UXD, XDA, XDD, ASCII XY ASCII XY, GSAS CW data, Stoe RAW, Siemens UXD, Scintag ARD, DBW, MDI ASCI, MDI MDI, GSAS Cif, Stoe ASCII, Philips UDF... 

Siemens ASCII (UXD), Siemens Binary (RAW), Philips ASCII (UDF), Philips Binary (RD) Mac Science Raw, RIET7 (DAT), ORTEC Maestro (CHN)... 

France s response was much the same as Britain s. In 1963 the De Gaulle government fashioned its Plan Calcul to be carried out by the Compagnie International de I lnformatique (CII). By 1973 the French government realized that its reliance on Plan Calcul was a failure. The French company joined with Siemens, Europe s major producer of electronic equipment, and the Dutch firm Philips to produce a European challenger, UNIDA. That project quickly collapsed, sending Siemens in 1975 to Fujitsu to obtain one of... 

Pennsylvania State University, 49 Philips Research Laboratories, 286,344 Siemens AG, 414 Stanford University, 26,321 University of California at Berkeley, 356... 

Prior to the introduction of PET/CT, multimodahty images were fused by the algorithm technique that was limited mainly to the brain. In 1999, GE Healthcare introduced the first PET/CT, called the Hawkeye, using a dualhead Nal(Tl) camera and a low-energy CT scanner, followed later in 2001 by the Discovery LS (GE Healthcare). Since then, manufacturers such as Siemens, GE, and Philips have brought a variety of much improved PET/CT units into the market. The physical features of a few PET/CT scanners are listed in Table 2.3 and a typical PET/CT scanner is shown in Fig.2.9. 

By 1986 Burke was convinced that Johnson Johnson could not make Technicare profitable and it was time to get out of the business. Twenty years later, Siemens, General Electric and Philips added radiopharmaceutical development to their production of imaging devices. General Electric acquired Amersham for 9 billion Siemens acquired CTI for 1 billion. 

Scanner Type Philips, Brilliance 64 Siemens, Somatom Volume Zoom Toshiba, Astein MS Siemens, Somatom Sensation 16 General Electric, Lightspeed-QXl... 

X-ray diffraction patterns for each sample were obtained using a Philips X-ray diffractometer and computerised goniometer equipped with a Siemens secondary monochromator. The scans covered the range 10° to 90° in 0.1° steps with a count of 3 seconds. 

Major Corporations. Some of the major corporations that have been involved in the manufacture and development of GT scanners are GE Healthcare, Hitachi Medical Corporation, Philips Medical Systems, Siemens Medical Systems, Shimadzu Medical Systems, and Toshiba Medical Systems. 

---