Side-stream membrane bioreactors, filtration

Table 20.8 Comparison of filtration conditions for side-stream and submerged membrane bioreactors...

For membrane separation processes, two types of membrane modular units are generally employed hollow fiber and spiral wound. The hollow fiber-based modules comprise bundles of hollow fibers encapsulated at hoth ends with the feed stream separated from the permeate stream hy the hollow fibers. For spiral wound units, alternate layers of membrane and spacers (to allow gas flow across the membrane on both the feed side and the permeate side of the membrane) are employed. Gas separation processes generally use hollow fibers, whereas desalination and water filtration processes generally employ spiral wound constructions. For membrane bioreactors for sewage water treatment, hollow fiber constructions are common. 

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