Siberian winter

In the winter, the weather of the north-eastern and northern parts is increasingly affected by the continent because this region is generally located at the northern or polar side of the west-wind jet. Continental cool air moves frequently from the intense Siberian winter high into the Baltic region. In particular in winter, the southern part of the Baltic remains very often in the center or south of the west-wind jet and thus on its warm side. As a consequence, winters in the northern part are often severe, while they remain usually mild in the southwestern Baltic. 

In practice, it is necessary to avoid using amorphous resins in structural applications above, or even near to, the T. (This restriction applies to all thermosets, because they are invariably amorphous, but it does not apply to crystalline thermoplastics, otherwise polypropylene chairs, with a of around -15°C, could only be used safely in Alaska and in Siberian winters). A margin of safety of 20°C is required for reasonable durability, and a much larger one in humid conditions. Traces of water, or any other solvent, lower the Tg to below its usual value, so the maximum safe working temperature of a load-bearing amorphous resin is lower in humid conditions than in a dry environment. There is a widely quoted rule of thumb that each 1% moisture absorbed by the matrix lowers the Tg by 20°C. This comes from epoxy resin data in wet atmospheres and different figures apply to other resins and liquids. 

In 1849, the same year that Dostoevski was arrested and sentenced to a Siberian labor camp, disaster struck the family again. The glass factory caught fire one winter night and burned to the ground. But the 57-year-old Maria Mendeleev again showed her determination. She decided that she would take her son to Moscow in order to get him admitted to the university there. She was convinced that he had great potential. 

The climate of the Sea of Azov, which deeply penetrates into land, is continental. It is characterized by cold winters, and dry and hot summers. In the autumn-winter period, the weather is determined by the influence of a spur of the Siberian anticyclone with a domination of easterly and northeasterly winds with a speed of 4-7 m/s. Enhancements of the impact of this spur cause strong winds (up to 15 m/s) and are accompanied by invasions of cold air masses. The mean monthly temperature in January ranges from - 1 to - 5 °C during northeasterly storms, it may fall down to - 25 to - 27 °C. 

FIGURE 5.11 Modified scheme proposed by Albeit and Hagen (1997) for the atmospheric winter circulation over the northern Atlantic Ocean indicating two distinct modes of the North Atlantic Oscillation, which is described by the difference in sea-level air pressure ( Ap) between the Icelandic Low (7) and the Azores High (H)-. (a) I Ap (NAO) corresponds to intensified westerlies conveying warm/humid (W) air masses toward western Europe and reduced inflow of cold/dry (O Siberian air masses,(b) -Ap (NAO) corresponds to the opposite situation of (a). 

Water voles, Arvicola terrestris L., in Western Siberia inhabit wet-lands in summer. The harsh Siberian climate (cold winters) causes the young-of-the-year to move from summer wet habitats to dry sites (meadows), where they winter in underground tunnels. In spring, the voles return to wet habitats again and breed (Panteleyev, 1968). In accordance with Burkey-Stenseth s (1994) model, in which long winters and patchy distribution of resources decrease the stability of populations and cause population crashes, the breeding... 

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