Sialyl-Lewis expression

Hanski, C., Drechsler, K., Hanisch, F.-G., Sheehan, H., Manske, M., Ogorek, D., Klussmann, E., Hanski, M.-L., Blank, M., Xing, P.-X., McKenzie, I.F.C., Devine, P. L., andRiecken, E.-O., 1993, Altered glycosylation of the MUC-1 protein core contributes to the colon carcinoma-associated increase of mucin-bound sialyl-Lewis expression. Cancer Res. 53 4082-4088. 

Yang W, Fan H, Gao X et al (2004) The first fluorescent diboronic acid sensor specific for hepatocellular carcinoma cells expressing sialyl Lewis X. Chem Biol 11 439 148... 

For target selection, adhesion molecules are expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. For this purpose, sialyl Lewis X is used as the guide molecule in the case of expression of P- and E-selectins for TNFa-activated HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells). Thus, targeting membrane-bound antigens in situ is also possible with this technique. 

Brinkman-Van der Linden, E.C., van Ommen, E.C. and van Dijk, W. (1996) Glycosylation of ai-acid glycoprotein in septic shock changes in degree of branching and in expression of sialyl Lewis(x) groups. Glycoconjugate Journal 13,27-31. 

Stimulation of cultured endothelial cells with thrombin, histamine, or H202 results in a rapid (within minutes) translocation of P-selectin (CD62P) to the cell surface from secretory granules known as Weibel-Palade bodies. In contrast, induction of endothelial E-selectin (CD62E) expression is dependent upon de novo synthesis following stimulation with cytokines such as IL-1 a and TNF-a.57 58 P- and E-selectin are only transiently expressed on the cell surface, during which time they bind to the sialylated Lewis X antigens of neutrophils and monocytes.59-61 Both selectins are implicated in leucocyte extravasation associated with the acute inflammatory response.62-63... 

DeGraff, T. W., Van der Stelt, M. E., Anbergen, M. G., van Dijk, W. (1993). Inflammation-induced expression of sialyl lewis X-containing glycan structures on a acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) in human sera. J. Exp. Med. 177, 657-666. 

Interaction between the glycoprotein E-selectin (expressed on the surface of endothelial cells) and the sialyl Lewis 1 ligand structures on the surface of neutrophils is a major event in inflammation, infection, and metastasis. Both chemical and enzymatic syntheses have been described for the synthesis of the sialyl Lewisx structure. A summary of the general strategy used in chemoenzymatic synthesis is shown here. Extensive in situ regenerations of the sugar nucleotides are not shown in the scheme.97... 

With the aid of monoclonal antibodies, sialylated carbohydrate structures, notably sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex, were discovered to function as receptors for the selectins [43]. Sialyl Lex is usually located on leukocytes, but also highly expressed on a variety of different cancer cells [45]. The same holds true for sialyl Lea, which serves as a tumor marker on gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancers [46]. Owing to the function of sialyl Lewis structures in the extravasation of cancer cells from the bloodstream and promoting metastatic spread to other tissues, a clear correlation of expression of sialyl Lea and sialyl Lex on tumors with enhanced progression and metastasis was observed. Since it is assumed that these tumor-associated carbohydrate markers enhance extravasation and metastasis by interactions with selectins, experiments were performed where selectin expression was inhibited. Long-term studies showed that cancer... 

Nakayama T, Watanabe M, Katsumata T, Teramoto T, Kitajima M. Expression of sialyl Lewis(a) as a new prognostic factor for patients with advanced colorectal carcinoma. Cancer 1995 75 2051-2056. 

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