Short hairpin RNAs

Liu YP, Haasnoot J, Berkhout B (2007) Design of extended short hairpin RNAs for HIV-1 inhibition, Nucleic Acids Res 35 5683-5693... 

Lu A, Zhang H, Zhang X, Wang H, Hu Q, Shen L, Schaffhausen BS, Hou W, Li L (2004) Attenuation of SARS coronavirus by a short hairpin RNA expression plasmid targeting RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, Virol 324 84-89... 

The cultured hippocampal neurons infected with a control lentivirus or one expressing a short hairpin RNA against CPEB3 (siCPEB3- 4) for... 

Grimm D, Streetz KL, Jopling CL et al (2006) Fatality in mice due to oversaturation of cellular microRNA/short hairpin RNA pathways. Nature 441 537-541... 

Paddison PJ, Gaudy AA, Bernstein E et al (2002) Short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) induce sequence-specific silencing in mammalian cells. Genes Dev 16 948-958... 

Yi R, Qin Y, Macara IG et al. Exportin-5 mediates the nuclear export of pre-microRNAs and short hairpin RNAs. Genes Dev 2003 17 3011-3016. 

Stein, U., Walther, W., Stege, A., Kaszubiak, A., Fichtner, I., and Lage, H. (2008) Complete in vivo reversal of the multidrug resistance phenotype by jet-injection of anti-MDRl short hairpin RNA-encoding plasmid DNA. Molecular Therapy 16(1) 178—186. 

Tsutsumi, T., Hirayama, F., Uekama, K., and Arima, H. (2008) Potential use of polyamidoamine dendrimer/alpha-cyclodextrin conjugate (generation 3, G3) as a novel carrier for short hairpin RNA-expressing plasmid DNA. Journal of Pharmaceutical Science 97(8) 3022-3034. 

RNAi vectors use Pol II to express artificial miRNAs that are designed to cleave target genes, short hairpin RNAi (shRNAi) Vectors use Pol III promoters to express short hairpin RNAs that cleave target of interest. 

Moreover, double immunoliposomes were developed in order to treat intracranial human brain cancer in mice [406], The mAbs used were the rat 8D3 mAb to the mouse transferrin receptor and the mAb against the HIR. RNAi (intereference RNA) is a new antisense gene therapy, where an expression plasmid encodes for a shRNA (short hairpin RNA). The shRNA is processed in the cell to an RNA duplex. The latter mediated RNAi. Indeed, weekly i.v. RNAi gene therapy reduced tumor expression of immunoreactive EGFR and caused an 88% increase in survival time of mice with advanced intracranial brain cancer. 

To produce stable and long-lasting knockdown, viral vectors have been developed to efficiently express siRNAs or short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in a wide variety of mammalian cells (Fig. 8). Expression vectors include standard plasmids as well as those made from adenoviruses, adeno-associated viruses (AAVs), onco-retroviruses, and lentiviruses. The viral expression systems have the added benefit of being able to deliver siRNA, shRNA, or miRNA expression cassettes efficiently into cell types that are otherwise difficult to transfect via common transfection or electroporation protocols.f ... 

Single stranded RNAs consisting of 100s of bases fold back on themselves and undergo complementary baseparing to form double-stranded short-hairpin RNA (shRNA). The loop of the hair-pin is excised by endonucleases, e.g Dicer, to produce multiple functional miRNAs. 

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